El objetivo del trabajo es clasificar y tipificar una muestra de explotaciones rurales que pueda ser usada para la generacion y transferencia de alternativas tecnologicas coherentes con las circunstancias de la agricultura de regadio en Santiago del Estero. La tipificacion de los sistemas productivos permitio identificar formas de gestion rural bien diferenciadas entre si, con necesidades y limitaciones diferentes, que facilitan la deteccion de debilidades y fortalezas, y establecer prioridades a la hora de disenar politicas de desarrollo para esta zona.

Tipificación de los sistemas productivos agropecuarios en el área de riego de Santiago del Estero, Argentina

The Chavimochic irrigation project is one of the leading projects in Peru. In this project, irrigation water is derived from the Santa river to irrigate the valleys of Chao, Viru, and Moche, including desert zones between valleys. In this study, we aimed to characterise the Hass avocado and asparagus farms in desert areas of the Chavimochic irrigation project. Social, economic and environmental information was collected through structured surveys of 12 asparagus and 17 avocado farms. Four groups of asparagus farms and three groups of avocado farms were identified based on principal component and cluster analyses. Profitability of the avocado crop was higher than that of the asparagus crop, and irrigation caused more significant variability in the crop yield of avocado than that of asparagus. From the social perspective, the income of farm personnel was related to the level of education, and female personnel showed more participation in the Chavimochic irrigation project than in other agroecosystems of Peru.

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Characterisation of avocado and asparagus farms in the Chavimochic irrigation project in La Libertad, Peru

El objetivo de este estudio es contribuir a entender el cambio en las condiciones climaticas ocurrido en la sierra peruana durante el periodo 1994-2012, e identificar algunos de los efectos que este cambio ha tenido en las decisiones vinculadas a las estrategias productivas de los agricultores de esta region; en particular, al uso del riego y la diversificacion de los cultivos.

Cambio climático, uso de riego y estrategias de diversificación de cultivos en la sierra peruana

In the last ten years, the production of quinoa in Peru has intensified, going from traditional practices to technified production systems based on market demand, which has caused changes in economic, social, and mainly environmental terms. The aim of the study was to establish the environmental sustainability indexes in three quinoa-producing communities in the high Andean area of the department of Ayacucho, Peru. Under the methodological approach of multi-criteria analysis, a scale was created in sustainability percentage assessment, being a value of zero (0) not sustainable, and a value of 100 percent the maximum sustainability threshold. For this, surveys with structured questions in the environmental dimension were applied. Quinoa production systems achieve an Environmental Indicator (EI) of 49.43% or a low sustainability range. The variable with the highest contribution was the risk of erosion (51.28%), followed by the management of biodiversity (48.68%) and the conservation of soil life (48.32%).

http://revista.corpoica.org.co/index.php/revista/article/download/1309/645

Sostenibilidad ambiental de la producción de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) en los valles interandinos del Perú

espanolEl presente trabajo se realizo en los distritos Colon y Rio Chico, Portoviejo, provincia de Manabi, Ecuador durante el ano 2018. El objetivo fue evaluar la sustentabilidad ambiental y social de las fincas productoras del cultivo de limon sutil. Se trabajo con una poblacion de 500 productores de limon, de la que se tomo una muestra irrestricta aleatoria {n=102}. A los productores se los agrupo segun el tamano de su propiedad en Finca I (0.5-1 ha.), Finca II: (1-5 ha), Finca III (Mayor a 5 ha). Se uso la metodologia propuesta por Sarandon adaptada para las fincas productoras de limon que considera a las dimen-siones ambiental y social. Se encontro que el 81.37 % de las fincas fueron ambientalmente sustentables. Todas las fincas resultaron sustentables en la dimension social. EnglishThe present work was carried out in the Colon and Rio Chico districts, Portoviejo, Manabi province, Ecuador during 2018. The objective was to evaluate the environmental and social sustainability of the producing subtle lemon farms. It is required with a population of 500 lemon producers, from which an unrestricted random sample {n = 102} is required. Producers were grouped according to the size of their property in Farm I (0.5-1 ha.), Farm II: (1-5 ha), Farm III (Greater than 5 ha). The methodology proposed by Sarandon adapted for lemon producing farms that considers the environmental and social dimen-sions was used. It was found that 81.37% of the farms were environmentally sustainable. All farms were sustainable in the social dimension.

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Marco aplicado para la sustentabilidad social y ambiental de fincas productoras de limón (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm) S.) en Portoviejo, Ecuador

In recent years, high prices and increased demand from the domestic and international markets have led to an increase in the quinoa-growing area and the introduction of technologies with external inputs that increased yields and resulted in changes in the cropping system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of economic, environmental and social sustainability of the quinoa production Systems. Surveys were applied to 92 quinoa producers, standardizing the responses by transforming them to a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the highest sustainability value and 1 being the lowest. Four production Systems were identified, with the Systems having sustainability being the organic, mixed and conventional ones, with a sustainability Index equal to or greater than the average value of the scale. The traditional production system did not reach the minimum threshold of 3 in the economic dimension, so it was categorized as non-sustainable by the multidimensional analysis. In order to determine internal consistency, the Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) factorial method was used, with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.814 and 0.797 that confer reliability to the analysis.

/pdf/sostenibilidad-de-sistemas-de-produccion-de-quinua-2a7ex8qf03.pdf

Sostenibilidad de sistemas de producción de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

The current work was carried out with the aim of characterizing the productive units of small-scale agricultural systems of kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) in five communities of the Yungay, Huaylas, and Carhuaz provinces, Ancash region, Peru. The population sample of the production units under study was determined employing a proportional and stratified unrestricted random sampling. The information was obtained from primary (surveys and interviews) and secondary sources. The analyses were carried out by grouping qualitative and quantitative variables, and using multi-dimensional statistical techniques. Three types of producers that are similar inside each group were identified, and, at the same time, they have differences compared to other groups based on land tenure, areas sown with kiwicha and with a secondary crop, and monthly net income. The first group that included smallholding producers with 0.42 ha of arable land, possesses on average 0.14 ha cropped with kiwicha, and 0.17 ha of a secondary crop; the second group, comprised small producers with 0.53 ha of land available for their crops, have 0.30 ha of kiwicha, and 0.43 ha of a secondary crop, and the third group is composed of medium-sized producers that on average have 6.13 ha of land, of which 1.87 ha are cropped with kiwicha and 0.63 ha with a secondary crop. The monthly net income of medium producers with PEN 493.50 is higher than that of small and smallholding farmers in 176.52 % and 279.03 %, respectively.

http://revista.corpoica.org.co/index.php/revista/article/download/1440/859

Caracterización de las unidades productivas del cultivo de kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) en las provincias de Yungay, Huaylas y Carhuaz, en el departamento de Áncash, Perú

La papa ( Solanum tuberosum L.) es un cultivo exigente con respecto a las practicas de fertilizacion, y su productividad tambien depende de la variedad utilizada, las condiciones ambientales, la fertilidad del suelo y el manejo del cultivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el efecto de interaccion de las fuentes de fertilizacion nitrogenadas y fosforadas en el rendimiento del cultivo de papa. Se establecio un diseno factorial 3×3 de bloques al azar con, nueve tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. La variedad evaluada fue INIA-303 Canchan con tres fuentes de fertilizacion nitrogenada: nitrato de amonio (NA), sulfato de amonio (SA) y urea, y tres fuentes de fosforo: fosfato monoamonico (FMA), fosfato diamonico (FDM) y superfosfato triple (SFT). Las variables estudiadas fueron rendimiento total, rendimiento comercial, numero de tuberculos por planta, peso del tuberculo por planta. La variedad INIA-303 Canchan, mostro respuestas positivas a las combinaciones de fuentes de fertilizacion de nitrogeno y fosforo bajo las condiciones del suelo y el clima donde se realizo la investigacion. En la combinacion NA+FDM se encontro el mayor rendimiento total, rendimiento comercial, numero y peso de tuberculos por planta ( P <0.01). Las mezclas recomendadas para la fertilizacion de la variedad de papa Canchan INIA-303, para lograr rendimientos entre 32,45 t ha -1 a 33,98 t ha -1 , bajo las condiciones del area de estudio son NA+FDM, SA+FMA y NA+FMA

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Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization sources on the potato crop yield (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Background. The growing demand for organic quinoa in the national and international market has contributed to the intensification of quinoa cultivation under conventional production systems, causing changes in economic, environmental and social terms in the quinoa-producing areas of the inter-Andean valleys of the highlands of Peru.  Objective. The aim of the study was to analyze the economic, social and environmental sustainability of organic quinoa production in plots of five communities in the province of Andahuaylas, Peru. Methodology. Surveys with structured questions were applied to a stratified sample of 50 organic quinoa producers with a focus on sustainability. The internal consistency of the scales used was validated by Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) using the optimal scale technique and the percentage scale was determined with 0 - 24% very low level of sustainability and 100% as optimal level of sustainability. Implications. The value of economic, environmental and social indicators determines the degree of sustainability of organic quinoa production systems. Conclusions. An Economic Indicator (KI) of 42.6%, Social Indicator (IS) of 52.7% and Environmental Indicator (EI) of 53.4% were found. The General Sustainability Index (GSI) was 50.9%, which results in an average sustainability level and with critical points related to the market and adverse climatic and biotic factors.

/pdf/production-sustainability-index-of-organic-quinoa-1hinjhuk.pdf

PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY INDEX OF ORGANIC QUINOA (Chenopodium Quinoa WILLD.) IN THE INTERANDEAN VALLEYS OF PERU

El cultivo de kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus L.) en el PerÃº es un cultivo de seguridad alimentaria para las poblaciones rurales andinas. Sin embargo, el bajo uso de fertilizantes reduce significativamente los rendimientos y la rentabilidad de los cultivares nativos y mejorados. El objetivo de la investigaciÃ³n fue determinar el comportamiento agronÃ³mico y la calidad del grano de la kiwicha en variedades mejoradas y nativas a diferentes dosis de fertilizaciÃ³n. Los tratamientos evaluados consistieron en tres cultivares de kiwicha (Oscar Blanco, Centenario y Caracino) y tres niveles de fertilizaciÃ³n NPK (18-46-30; 100-80-60; 120-100 80), establecidos en diseÃ±o de bloques completos al azar con arreglo factorial 3 x 3 y cuatro rÃ©plicas. Las variables agronÃ³micas analizadas fueron rendimiento de grano, altura de planta, Ã©poca de floraciÃ³n, etapa de maduraciÃ³n y como componentes de calidad peso de 1000 granos y el contenido de proteÃ­nas. Con la dosis 120-100-80 de NPK, independientemente de los cultivares, se constatÃ³ el mayor rendimiento (2235,12 kg ha-1), mientras que con el cultivar local Caracino se verificÃ³ el mayor rendimiento (2208,33 kg ha-1). Asimismo, el mayor contenido de proteÃ­na con 15,39% se hallÃ³ con el cultivar Oscar blanco. Bajo las condiciones de suelo y agroclimÃ¡ticas de la zona de estudio, el cultivar local Caracino con la dosis de fertilizaciÃ³n 120-100-80 alcanzÃ³ el mayor rendimiento con niveles aceptables de calidad de grano. 

Rember Emilio Pinedo-Taco

Papers

Sostenibilidad de sistemas de producción de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Caracterización de las unidades productivas del cultivo de kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) en las provincias de Yungay, Huaylas y Carhuaz, en el departamento de Áncash, Perú

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization sources on the potato crop yield (Solanum tuberosum L.)

PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY INDEX OF ORGANIC QUINOA (Chenopodium Quinoa WILLD.) IN THE INTERANDEAN VALLEYS OF PERU

Comportamiento agronómico y calidad de kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus L.) en función del cultivar y la dosis de fertilización