Characteristics of national cultures have frequently been claimed to influence the selection of entry modes. This article investigates this claim by developing a theoretical argument for why culture should influence the choice of entry. Two hypotheses are derived which relate culture to entry mode choice, one focusing on the cultural distance between countries, the other on attitudes towards uncertainty avoidance. Using a multinomial logit model and controlling for other effects, the hypotheses are tested by analysing data on 228 entries into the United States market by acquisition, wholly owned greenfield, and joint venture. Empirical support for the effect of national culture on entry choice is found.

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The Effect of National Culture on the Choice of Entry Mode

Computer networks are an increasingly important technology for improving the efficiency of information processing and providing shared access to information resources. Because computer networks are increasingly being used to support the flow of information between and within organizations, their use both influences and has consequences for interorganizational relationships. An important and widespread application of interorganizational computer networks is Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), which refers to the computer-based exchange of standardized business-related information between buyer and supplier firms. The following theoretical framework addresses the role that power and trust play in EDI adoption and use. Firms with greater power can influence their trading partners to adopt EDI. But power can be exercised in different ways. Because computer networks provide a way for certain information to be more accessible to outside parties, their use makes organizational boundaries more permeable. When firm...

Power and Trust: Critical Factors in the Adoption and Use of Electronic Data Interchange

Human Development Report, 1990.@@@Human Development Report, 1991.

The overworked american

What is the price of federalism? Does it result in governmental interconnections that are too complex? Does it create overlapping responsibilities? Does it perpetuate social inequalities? Does it stifle economic growth? To answer these questions, Paul Peterson sets forth two theories of federalism: functional and legislative. Functional theory is optimistic. It says that each level of the federal system is well designed to carry out the tasks for which it is mainly responsible. State and local governments assume responsibility for their area's physical and social development; the national government cares for the needy and reduces economic inequities. Legislative theory, in contrast, is pessimistic: it says that national political leaders, responding to electoral pressures, misuse their power. They shift unpopular burdens to lower levels of government while spending national dollars on popular government programs for which they can claim credit. Both theories are used to explain different aspects of American federalism. Legislative theory explains why federal grants have never been used to equalize public services. Elected officials cannot easily justify to their constituents a vote to shift funds away from the geographic area they represent. The overall direction that American federalism has taken in recent years is better explained by functional theory. As the costs of transportation and communication have declined, labor and capital have become increasingly mobile, placing states and localities in greater competition with one another. State and local governments are responding to these changes by overlooking the needs of the poor, focusing instead on economic development. As a further consequence, older, big cities of the Rust Belt, inefficient in their operations and burdened by social responsibilities, are losing jobs and population to the suburban communities that surround them. Peterson recommends that the national government adopt policies that take into account the economic realities identified by functional theory. The national government should give states and localities responsibility for most transportation, education, crime control, and other basic governmental programs. Welfare, food stamps, the delivery of medical services, and other social policies should become the primary responsibility of the national government.

The Price for Federalism

Contents: Customer relationship management - Global and local dimensions Customer orientation Product quality Customer satisfaction Customer retention Customer value Company success - customer relationship management and the balanced scorecard Challenges for global customer relationship management Case studies on customer relationship management Index.

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Customer Relationship Management: A Global Perspective

Non-American firms have recently begun investing larger sums of money in the U.S. Such increased activity has created a great deal of interest and concern. The growth in foreign direct investment and findings of a mailed questionnaire will be reviewed in this article. Factor analysis was utilized to help isolate the salient motives for these investment activities. Although the size of the U.S. market and the attractiveness of a new market or the desire to preserve the existing U.S. market were the most frequently cited reasons for new investment in the U.S., factor analysis reveals that these reasons merely reinforce the primary motive: namely, the desire to benefit from a higher level of U.S. technology and innovation.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.jibs.8490585.pdf

Motives of Non-American Firms Investing in the United States

Global Strategic Alliances

PART I. Scope of International Business and the Multinational Corporation 1. An Introduction to International Business and Multinational Corporations 2. The Nature of International Business PART II. Institutional Framework and Economic Theories 3. Theories of Trade and Economic Development 4. International Monetary System and Balance of Payments 5. Foreign Exchange Markets 6. Supranational Organizations and International Business PART III. Environmental Constraints in International Business 7. Analyzing National Economies 8. International Law 9. Sociocultural Factors 10. Foreign Investment: Researching Risk PART IV. Functional Operations in International Business 11. International Marketing 12. International Finance 13. International Accounting 14. International Taxation 15. International Staffing and Labor Issues 16. Managing Operations and Technology PART V. Social and Ethical Issues and the Future of International Business 17. Ethical Questions: Multinationals and Earth's Environment 18. Future Issues in International Business Case Studies Case Study 1. Michelin and the Global Tire Industry in 2004 Case Study 2. The European Non-Life Insurance Industry and AXA in 2001 Case Study 3. The Battle of the Smart Cards in The Netherlands in 2002 Case Study 4. Bang and Olufsen and the Electronics Entertainment Industry in 2003 Case Study 5. ABX Case Study 6. ARCELOR and the Global Steel Industry.

International Business: Theory and Practice

https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/N_Kshetri_Institutional_2008.pdf

Riad A. Ajami

Papers

Customer Relationship Management: A Global Perspective

Motives of Non-American Firms Investing in the United States

Global Strategic Alliances

International Business: Theory and Practice

Institutional reforms in the Gulf Cooperation Council economies: A conceptual framework ☆