A systematic review of studies using the Food Neophobia Scale: Conclusions from thirty years of studies

The aim of this paper was to identify and describe segments of a study population that consumes olive oil. Therefore, a survey was conducted in 2019 on a sample of 705 German and 175 UK consumers. In both samples, three consumer segments were identified. These three segments differed significantly with regard to purchase and consumption patterns, as well as attitudes toward the extrinsic, intrinsic, sensorial, and health attributes of olive oil. Their main preferences related to health properties of olive oil, followed by hedonic attributes; therefore, these aspects should be marketed in German markets. For UK consumers, validation of extrinsic attributes, such as region, micro-location, and protected designation of geographical origin (PDO), should be used in marketing campaigns in light of economic sustainability on local family farms and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Since UK consumers rely heavily on vendors’ recommendations, more effort should be made in the UK market to establish habits of consumption and an olive oil culture that would be sustainable in long-term time frames.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/16/6379/pdf

Segmenting Olive Oil Consumers Based on Consumption and Preferences toward Extrinsic, Intrinsic and Sensorial Attributes of Olive Oil

Olive oil has been consumed since ancient times and appreciated as a source of nutritious fats and as medical remedy, in addition to being praised in ceremonies. Today, when health is one of the top priorities of humankind, we examined what consumers believe and value about olive oil, which is generally considered a healthy product. Our survey examined the associations between the hedonic and health properties of olive oil, the motives important for olive oil consumption, and how these are influenced by healthy behaviour. There was clear evidence of the importance of culture, tradition, pleasure, olive oil health benefits, and healthy behaviour. There was a strong association between healthy behaviour and olive oil benefit perceptions and motives for olive oil consumption, with the olive oil benefits associated with the motives to consume olive oil.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/14/7630/pdf

Connections between Healthy Behaviour, Perception of Olive Oil Health Benefits, and Olive Oil Consumption Motives

This study was focused on the preferences and habits of a non-traditional country for olive oil consumption, the Chilean market; a descriptive approach was used to meet two objectives: i) to determine the frequency of purchase, olive oil consumption habits and preferences of consumers in the Chilean market, and ii) to determine to what extent some socio-demographic variables explain the frequency of purchase of the product. Experimental data were used, which were obtained from a face-to-face survey applied to a representative sample of 300 subjects stratified by sex, age, and residential district in the city of Chillan (Province of Nuble). Results showed that this product is not fully incorporated in the eating habits of the population because it is used rather sporadically and for some specific preparations. As in other non-traditional markets, this product is associated with people from a medium to high socioeconomic status. It is necessary for companies to conduct consumer education campaigns as well as increased product promotion to boost the consumption of this product.

Characterization of Chilean olive oil consumers: An exploratory analysis applied in the Bío Bío Region


Purpose
Values are both an effective variable and a powerful stimulus for consumer behavior. Values are different concepts and classifications influenced by factors such as culture and religion in different societies. This paper aims to identify the classification of values in an Islamic country’s context, Iran.


Design/methodology/approach
Iranian dominant values were identified through qualitative analysis and in-depth interviews with 77 interviewees. Grounded theory was used to identify theoretical categories that are derived from the interview data through the use of the constant comparative method.


Findings
The findings revealed three categories of hedonic, utilitarian and Islamic spiritual values, which include 10 types of values. The third value (Islamic spiritual) was identified and defined according to the Iranian Islamic religion and ideology. Interviewees expressed their values, attitudes and behaviors within the framework of their unique value system.


Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is one of the first articles that pay special attention to Islamic spiritual values as an influential value category in the buying behaviors and intentions of Iranian consumers. Undoubtedly, identifying these values can be an introduction to studying behaviors influenced by values and a powerful tool for managers to predict and evaluate Islamic consumers’ behavior and lifestyles.


https://uws.pure.elsevier.com/files/31419410/2022_07_24_Saneian_et_al_Islamic_accepted.pdf

Discovering Islamic values: a classical grounded theory approach

Purpose




The study focused on the Chilean olive oil market. The purpose of this paper is to determine the incidence of psychographic variables in the purchasing frequency of this product in an emerging market.




Design/methodology/approach




A face-to-face survey was applied to a stratified sample in the Biobio Region (Chile). The food neophobia scale (FNS) and list of values (LOV) were used simultaneously to measure psychographic variables. A multinomial logit model was estimated to determine the relationship between olive oil purchasing frequency and psychographic variables.




Findings




Results suggest that psychographic variables can explain olive oil purchasing frequency in the Chilean market. For a new food product, neophilia and the values of external and hedonistic dimensions can explain the higher purchasing frequency of the product. Just as in other research studies, the combined use of psychographic and sociodemographic variables performed well in segmenting a new food market.




Research limitations/implications




Results should be interpreted for the purchasing behavior of a new food in the context of an emerging market. Future research should expand the geographic zone to apply the survey and incorporate other variables such as ethnocentrism or ethnic identity.




Originality/value




Most available research studies have investigated separately the incidence of both variables in food consumption in developed, cosmopolitan and intercultural markets. This is the first approach in jointly applying the psychographic variables FNS and LOV in an emerging market and using olive oil as a case study.

Ricardo Troncoso-Sepúlveda

Papers

Incidence of psychographic variables on purchasing behavior in an emerging olive oil market