/pdf/immunogenicity-and-immunochemistry-of-streptococcus-3cay84xzog.pdf

Immunogenicity and immunochemistry of Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides.

Synthesis of chiral binaphthalenes using the asymmetric Suzuki reaction

A strategy has been developed for the design, synthesis, and testing of new clathrate hosts that possess relationship complementarity to specific guest-compounds.

Functional group assisted clathrate formation: scissor-like and roof-shaped host molecules

Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for high rates of pneumococcal bacteremia, meningitis, pneumonia, and acute otitis media worldwide. Protection from disease is conferred by antibodies specific for the polysaccharide (Ps) capsule of the bacteria. Of the four types of group 9 pneumococci, types 9N and 9V cause the most disease, and both types are included in the polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine. The type 9V capsule consists of repeating pentasaccharide units linearly arranged, with an average of 1 to 2 mol of O-acetate side chains per mol of repeat units, added in a complex pattern in which not all repeat units are alike. α-GlcA residues may be O-acetylated in the 2 (17%) or 3 (25%) position and β-ManNAc residues may be O-acetylated in the 4 (6%) or 6 (55%) position. Under certain conditions, the O-acetate side chains are subject to oxidation, which results in subsequent de-O-acetylation of a significant number of the repeat units. This de-O-acetylation could adversely affect the efficacy of a vaccine containing the 9V Ps. A study was undertaken to compare the relative contributions of O-acetate and Ps backbone epitopes in the immune response to S. pneumoniae 9V type-specific Ps. In both an infant rhesus monkey model and humans, antibodies against the non-O-acetylated 9V backbone as well as against O-acetylated 9V Ps were detected. Functional (opsonophagocytic) activity was observed in antisera in which the predominant species of antibody recognized de-O-acetylated 9V Ps. We concluded that the O-acetate side groups, while recognized, are not essential to the ability of the 9V Ps to induce functional antibody responses.

Antibody Responses to Capsular Polysaccharide Backbone and O-Acetate Side Groups of Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 9V in Humans and Rhesus Macaques

Alkaloids of Alstonia plumosa

Crystals of optically active naphthidine and of binaphthyl are tetragonal, P41212 (or P43212), a = 7.945(1), 7.164(2), c = 24.264(5), 27.70(1) A, respectively, Z = 4. The structures were solved by ...

Crystal structures of optically active naphthidine (4,4′-diamino-1,1′-binaphthyl) and 1,1′-binaphthyl

Crystals of the title compound, C22H32O3, are monoclinic, P21/n, a = 11.832(1), b = 11.423(1), c = 14.637(1) A, β = 98.71(2)°, Z = 4. The structure was solved by direct methods and was refined to R = 0.035 for 2052 reflexions with I ≥ 3σ(I). The X-ray study was carried out in order to determine the structures of two diastereomeric products obtained from a key step in a projected synthesis of the diterpenoids aphidicolin and stemodin. The product examined is the stemodin intermediate.

Crystal structure of a stemodin intermediate

Raucubaine, a New Type of Indole Alkaloid from Rauwolfia salicifolia Griseb

Crystals of raucubaine, isolated from Rauwolfia salicifolia C20H24N2O3, m.w. = 340.4, are monoclinic, p21, a = 7.2179(3), b = 12.8169(7), c = 9.1996(2) A, β = 93.040(3)°, V = 849.87 A3, ρc = 1.33 g...

Crystal structure of raucubaine

The structures of the title compounds were determined to aid in understanding spontaneous resolution in binaphthyl derivatives. Crystals of the racemate, C22H18, are monoclinic, C2/c, a = 13.225(8), b = 10.768(4), c = 11.572(7) A, β = 114.04(2)°, Z = 4. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.074 for 886 reflections with I ≥ 3σ(I). The crystals of the optically active form are tetragonal, P41212 or P43212, a = 8.3031(8), c = 23.706(7) A, Z = 4. This structure was also solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.060 for 723 reflections with I ≥ 3σ(I).

Richard A. Pauptit

Papers

Crystal structures of optically active naphthidine (4,4′-diamino-1,1′-binaphthyl) and 1,1′-binaphthyl

Crystal structure of a stemodin intermediate

Raucubaine, a New Type of Indole Alkaloid from Rauwolfia salicifolia Griseb

Crystal structure of raucubaine

Crystal structures of racemic and optically active 4,4′-dimethyl-1,1′-binaphthyl