Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. Weeds seriously affect the rice yield and grain quality. In recent years, there are tremendous progresses in the research and application of herbicide-resistant genes in rice worldwide. This article reviews the working mechanisms of six herbicides (glyphosate, glufosinate, acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides, acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor herbicides, hydroxyhenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor herbicides and dinitroaniline herbicides), the resistance mutations of the corresponding herbicide-target genes, and the herbicide detoxification mechanisms by non-target genes. Examples are provided on herbicide-resistant rice materials obtained by transformation of exogenous resistance genes, by artificial mutagenesis and mutant screening, and by modifying the target genes through gene editing. This paper also introduces the current application of herbicide-resistant rice, points out problems that may be caused by utilization of herbicide resistant rice and solutions to the problems, and discusses the future prospects for the development of herbicide-resistant rice.

Development of herbicide resistance genes and their application in rice

Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. Weeds seriously affect the rice yield and grain quality. In recent years, there are tremendous progresses in the research and application of herbicide-resistant genes in rice worldwide. This article reviews the working mechanisms of six herbicides (glyphosate, glufosinate, acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides, acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor herbicides, hydroxyhenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor herbicides and dinitroaniline herbicides), the resistance mutations of the corresponding herbicide-target genes, and the herbicide detoxification mechanisms by non-target genes. Examples are provided on herbicide-resistant rice materials obtained by transformation of exogenous resistance genes, by artificial mutagenesis and mutant screening, and by modifying the target genes through gene editing. This paper also introduces the current application of herbicide-resistant rice, points out problems that may be caused by utilization of herbicide resistant rice and solutions to the problems, and discusses the future prospects for the development of herbicide-resistant rice. 

Morphological and genetic survey of Giant Salvinia populations in Louisiana and Texas

Food engineering, food chemistry, and consumer segmentation were used to evaluate ready-to-eat rice. The aromatic Louisiana Clearfield Jazzman (CJ) and Thai Jasmine (TJ), and a non-aromatic parboiled (PB) rice were hydrated during the first 10 min of processing with reciprocal agitation followed by static retort processing. The aroma compound, 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) was more heat-stable in CJ than TJ rice but decreased 15-fold compared to the rice cooker method. Pareto analysis indicated that rice type and agitation had the main effect on amylose and total starch and chroma and hue. Color differences of rice agitated during hydration and between rice cooker or static retort processed rice, indicated only slight differences for each rice variety. Hydration of dry rice during retort cooking and similar starch, color, and aroma quality were achieved with reciprocal compared to static or rice cooker methods. Survey responses categorized consumers into three, mindsets driven by rice consumption, convenience, or packaging.

https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/9/11/1559/pdf

Aroma, Quality, and Consumer Mindsets for Shelf-Stable Rice Thermally Processed by Reciprocal Agitation

Genome-wide association study for traits related to seedling vigor in rice

Registration of ‘PVL01’ Rice

Registration of 'CL153' rice.

Registration of ‘CLJ01’ Rice

Registration of ‘CL272’ Rice

‘PVL02’ (Reg. no. CV-158, PI 691607), a Provisia (BASF) long-grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, was developed by the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center at the H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station near Crowley, LA, and approved for release in 2019. PVL02 is the second rice cultivar released as part of the Provisia Rice System with resistance to Provisia herbicide, containing the active ingredient quizalofop-p-ethyl, an AACase (Group 1) herbicide. PVL02 was derived from the cross ‘Cheniere’/BASF1-5 and advanced as an F2:3 row based on agronomic characteristics. Testing in the Provisia preliminary yield trial in 2014 and the Provisia multi-location test in 2015 indicated good yield potential and favorable agronomic characteristics. In 2016, 2017, and 2018, PVL02 was evaluated in 26 replicated trials across seven locations in Louisiana. Four high-yielding commercial cultivars were included as checks: ‘Jupiter’, ‘CL153’, ‘Cheniere’, and ‘PVL01’. The grain yield of PVL02 was 8.2 t ha−1 compared with 9.2 t ha−1 for Jupiter, 8.6 t ha−1 for CL153, 8.5 t ha−1 for Cheniere, and 7.6 t ha−1 for PVL01. PVL02 was taller than the checks. The milled grain length was shorter than typical long grains, with a length-to-width ratio of 2.81. It has a typical US long-grain rice cooking quality with intermediate amylose and gel temperature. PVL02 is moderately susceptible to sheath blight, Cercospora spp., and leaf blast and susceptible to bacterial panicle blight. 

Richard E. Zaunbrecher

Papers

Registration of ‘PVL01’ Rice

Registration of 'CL153' rice.

Registration of ‘CLJ01’ Rice

Registration of ‘CL272’ Rice

Registration of ‘PVL02’ rice