Instead of limiting functionality, usability complements functionality. It affects how and with what effectiveness a system is used, and even whether or not it is used at all.

Functionality and usability

A compound of Formula (I) or a salt, solvate and chemically protected form thereof, wherein: R5 is an optionally substituted C5-20 aryl or C4-20 alkyl group; A is selected from the group consisting of Formulae (Ai), (Aii), (Aiii) D is selected from Formulae (Di), (Dii), (Diii), (Div), (Dv) B is selected from the group consisting of Formulae (Bi), (Bii), (Biii), (Biv) (Bv).

Ep2- receptor agonists

Structural features of subtype-selective EP receptor modulators

An action‐oriented taxonomy of errors in human‐computer interaction in the office differentiated four classes: functionality problems, usability problems, interaction problems, and inefficient behavior. Functionality problems were differentiated in how they affect the action process. Usability problems were differentiated according to levels of action regulation and steps in the action process. For example, conscious strategies were differentiated from automatic ones. To examine the taxonomy's construct validation, several hypotheses regarding error‐handling time, need for external support, complexity at work, and novices versus experts were tested in a field study of 198 clerical workers at 11 German companies and 7 small firms. A total of 1,749 errors were observed within a 2‐hour period, 1,306 were rated concordantly by two re‐raters. As expected, errors resulting from conscious regulation and functionality problems needed more error‐handling time than errors resulting from more automatic actions. Ther...

Errors in working with office computers: A first validation of a taxonomy for observed errors in a field setting

Literature dealing with cognitive aspects of novices' use of computers is reviewed. Many of the conclusions drawn in cognitive psychology about differences between novices and experts are supported also in the computer domain. Novices have less, and more fragmented, knowledge, spend less time encoding the task and do so in a way that is more determined by the surface features of the problem or information given, compared with experts. Novices in general make more errors and have greater difficulties finding them than experts. Other studies show that novices have difficulties in taking advantage of aid given by advisors, computer programs and other sources of information. The role of models and analogical thinking when learning to interact with a computer is discussed, suggestions are given as to how novices' difficulties could be alleviated and topics for future research are proposed.

Novices on the computer: a review of the literature

The physiological role of the duodenal peptide secretin is as a potent stimulant of electrolyte and water movement in pancreatic and biliary epithelium, via activation of G protein–coupled secretin receptors (hSCTR). However, the distribution and potential function of hSCTR in human lung has not previously been addressed. Using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction profiling, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that the hSCTR is abundantly expressed within the distal regions of human lung (tertiary bronchus and parenchyma), with negligible expression detected in more proximal regions (trachea, primary, and secondary bronchus). Expression was observed predominantly on the basolateral membrane of the bronchial epithelial layer, with some expression also observed in bronchial smooth muscle. In primary cultures of human tertiary bronchial epithelial cells, secretin was demonstrated to potently stimulate channel-mediated Cl− efflux in a concentratio...

Expression and Functions of the Duodenal Peptide Secretin and its Receptor in Human Lung

A detailed observational study of 11 psychologists using a statistics package, SPSS, to analyse their research work is presented. The shortcomings of the interaction were pinpointed by various error classifications. The use of an expert's macro-command facility by a casual user is discussed, highlighting the problems of changing existing interfaces. Various differences between batch and interactive processing are also reported. The results are then reviewed and discussed within the framework of existing MMIF guidelines.

User error or computer error? Observations on a statistics package

A compound of formula: (I); or a salt, solvate and chemically protected form thereof, wherein one of R2 and R5 is: (i) H or an optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl group; or (ii)an optionally substituted C5-7 aryl; and the other of R2 and R5 is the other group; m and n can be 0 or 1, and m + n = 1 or 2 RN is H or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl R3 is either: (i) carboxy; (ii) a group of formula: (II); (iii) a group of formula: (III); wherein R is optionally substituted C1-7 alkyl, C5-20 aryl, or NRN3RN4 , where RN3 and RN4 are independently selected from optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; or (iv) tetrazol-5-yl.

Furan derivatives as ep4 receptor antagonists

A methodology for integrating observational data of specific human errors with theoretical task analysis of the man-machine interface is presented. Error data collected during sessions using a emi-inter ative statistics package are superimposed on a Command Language Grammar [a task analysis developed by Moran (1981) ]. The match/mismatch between user's goals and the implementation requirements of the computer system at various levels of analysis are described. The mismatch boundaries are discussed, and recommendations are derived for the interface and the methodologi-cal approach.

Richard Jon Davis

Papers

Expression and Functions of the Duodenal Peptide Secretin and its Receptor in Human Lung

User error or computer error? Observations on a statistics package

Furan derivatives as ep4 receptor antagonists

Task analysis and user errors: a methodology for assessing interactions

From virtual to clinical: The discovery of PGN-1531, a novel antagonist of the prostanoid EP4 receptor.