1. The Meaning of Social Anthropology2. Structure and Organization in a Small Community3. Social Change in Peasant Communities4. The Social Framework of Economic Organization5. The Social Framework of Primitive Art6. Moral Standards and Social Organization7. Religion in Social Reality

Elements of Social Organization

The Seven Deadly Sins of Prostitution: Perceptions of Prostitutes and Prostitution in Eighteenth-Century London Jessica Steinberg Supervised by Dr. Richard Connors 2014 This thesis examines perceptions of lower-class female prostitutes and prostitution in eighteenth-century London. It reveals that throughout the Hanoverian period perceptions of prostitution were shaped by sensibilities about morality, the social order, and sin. To explore attitudes towards prostitution in eighteenth-century London, this dissertation evaluates how governing elites, ecclesiastical authorities, contributors to the newspaper press, and popular commentators discussed prostitution. This dissertation engages with two main assumptions about prostitution in eighteenth-century London. First, it demonstrates that there is more continuity in perceptions of prostitution than historians have recognized; attitudes towards prostitutes did not shift from hostility to sympathy in a straight-forward manner. Second, this dissertation reveals that prostitution was regarded by Augustan and Hanoverian Londoners as a significant social problem because it embodied and encapsulated the seven deadly sins – lust, avarice, pride, envy, gluttony, sloth, and wrath. This thesis suggests that prostitutes’ excessive lust and avarice were not seen as disparate issues, but were often discussed together. Paradoxically, discussants recognized that financial considerations drove some women into prostitution, but these women were regarded as abnormally greedy and corrupt because they resorted to deceptive tactics. Pride and envy were associated with prostitution because Hanoverians believed some prostitutes bought

The Seven Deadly Sins of Prostitution: Perceptions of Prostitutes and Prostitution in Eighteenth-Century London

The Early Growth of the European Economy: Warriors and Peasants from the Seventh to the Twelfth Century.

"Not by bread only"? Common right, parish relief and endowed charity in a forest economy, 1600-1800, Steve Hindle the economy of makeshifts and the poor law - a game of chance? Margaret Hanly "Agents in their own concerns"? Charity and the economy of makeshifts in 18th-century Britain, Sarah Lloyd crime, criminal networks and the survival strategies of the poor in early 18th-century London, Heather Shore pawnbroking and the survival strategies of the urban poor in 1770s York, Alannah Tomkins kinship, poor relief and the welfare process in early modern England, Sam Barrett making the most of opportunity - the economy of makeshifts in the early modern north, Steve King.

The poor in England 1700-1850: An economy of makeshifts

This historiographical review offers a critical reconsideration of a central component of modernization theory: the model of secularization devised within the sociology of religion, and especially the version sustained by sociologists in the UK. It compares that model with the results of historical research in a range of themes and periods, and suggests that those results are now often radically inconsistent with this sociological orthodoxy. It concludes that an older historical scenario which located in the early modern period the beginnings of a ‘process’ of secularization that achieved its natural completion in the nineteenth or twentieth centuries is finally untenable, and it proposes a broader, more historical conception of ‘religion’ able to accommodate both persistent religiosity and undoubted changes in religious behaviour.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/7B7C772F14A974F07AAEC4D8A13862C8/S0018246X11000586a.pdf/div-class-title-secularization-and-modernization-the-failure-of-a-grand-narrative-div.pdf

Secularization and modernization: the failure of a ‘grand narrative’

(1983). The invention of English individualism: Alan Macfarlane and the modernization of pre‐modern England. Social History: Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 345-363.

The invention of English individualism: Alan Macfarlane and the modernization of pre‐modern England∗

Quakerism and the social structure in the interregnum

Household and Family in Past Time. Edited by Peter Laslett with the assistance of Richard Wall. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972. xii plus 623 pp. $37.50)

The Rhetoric of Social History

The Family Life of Ralph Josselin, a Seventeenth-Century Clergyman: an essay in historical anthropology. By Alan Macfarlane (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970. xiii + 241 pp. $9.50)

Richard T. Vann

Papers

The invention of English individualism: Alan Macfarlane and the modernization of pre‐modern England∗

Quakerism and the social structure in the interregnum

Household and Family in Past Time. Edited by Peter Laslett with the assistance of Richard Wall. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972. xii plus 623 pp. $37.50)

The Rhetoric of Social History

The Family Life of Ralph Josselin, a Seventeenth-Century Clergyman: an essay in historical anthropology. By Alan Macfarlane (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970. xiii + 241 pp. $9.50)