We propose a new definition of actual causes, using structural equations to model counterfactuals. We show that the definition yields a plausible and elegant account of causation that handl...

Causes and explanations: A structural-model approach. Part I: Causes

In this paper, we describe our experimentations in answer formulation for question-answering (QA) systems. In the context of QA, answer formulation can serve two purposes: improving answer extraction or improving human-computer interaction (HCI). Each purpose has different precision/recall requirements. We present our experiments for both purposes and argue that formulations of better linguistic-quality are beneficial for both answer extraction and HCI.

Advances in Artificial Intelligence

This paper examines the structure of moral responsibility for outcomes. A central feature of the analysis is a condition that we term the 'avoidance potential', which gives precision to the idea that moral responsibility implies a reasonable demand that an agent should have acted otherwise. We show how our theory can allocate moral responsibility to individuals in complex collective action problems, an issue that sometimes goes by the name of 'the problem of many hands'. We also show how it allocates moral responsibility in the classic Frankfurt example.

An Anatomy of Moral Responsibility

Cette these a pour but demontrer l’influence du developpement scientifique et technique sur le droit de la responsabilite civile, en etudiant comme ce developpement constitue un facteur de mutation juridique. Pour demontrer la portee de ce phenomene, tout au long de notre travail nous avons observe qu’il est possible de lier la nouveaute au bien-etre materiel, mais aussi aux risques et aux incertitudes porteurs de l´inconnu. La distinction entre risque et incertitude est marquee par le developpement de la science quant a la demonstration scientifique des eventualites que l’on peut attribuer a chaque point de developpement. Ce constat etant fait, le droit de la responsabilite civile s´impregne des innovations juridiques qui prennent en charge les risques et les incertitudes, mais aussi les angoisses et les peurs generes par l´evolution scientifique et technique. Cela a provoque des mutations bien precises qui vont dans l’esprit du refus de l’homme d’aujourd’hui a tolerer qu’une quelconque manifestation technique puisse lui produire un dommage. Ces mutations nous les abordons depuis une double perspective : Par rapport au role de la responsabilite civile, et par rapport a sa mise en œuvre. A travers cette problematique nous demontrons que l´inconnu compris dans l´innovation est la source d´un processus d´impregnation de nouveaute dans les bases fondamentales de la responsabilite civile, a consequence duquel le droit s´adapte, notamment par rapport a la constatation de nouveaux faits generateurs, de nouvelles postes de prejudice, et de nouveaux approximations concernant au lien de causalite.

https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01681329/document

La responsabilité civile liée aux activités scientifiques et technologiques : Approche de droit comparé

A serious defect with the Halpern-Pearl (HP) definition of causality is repaired by combining a theory of causality with a theory of defaults. In addition, it is shown that (despite a claim to the contrary) a cause according to the HP condition need not be a single conjunct. A definition of causality motivated by Wright's NESS test is shown to always hold for a single conjunct. Moreover, conditions that hold for all the examples considered by HP are given that guarantee that causality according to (this version) of the NESS test is equivalent to the HP definition.

Defaults and Normality in Causal Structures

Causation, Responsibility, Risk, Probability, Naked Statistics, and Proof: Pruning the Bramble Bush by Clarifying the Concepts, translated into Italian by Federico Stella

Richard W. Wright

Papers

Causation, Responsibility, Risk, Probability, Naked Statistics, and Proof: Pruning the Bramble Bush by Clarifying the Concepts, translated into Italian by Federico Stella