• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.

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Customer co-creation in innovations : a protocol for innovating with end users

The average weight of employees in the United States workforce is increasing. Importantly, relatively heavier employees are often subject to stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination based solely ...

Weight and Gender in Service Jobs: The Importance of Warmth in Predicting Customer Satisfaction

The purpose of this paper is to explore the topic of customer integration into supply chains. Particular attention is focused on literature concerning customer-driven and customer-centric supply chains. The aim is to provide a deeper understanding of these two approaches, clarify the differences, compare them and provide a conceptual model and research propositions, leading to theoretical and managerial implications.,The paper presents a systematic literature review conducted using a consolidated methodology. The protocol used allows for the identification, analysis, synthesis, reporting and discussion of the results stemming from the literature on customer integration into the supply chain. This analysis enables us to summarize the results in a conceptual framework and introduce new research propositions.,Using the results of the literature review, the authors first systematized the literature on customer-driven supply chain and on customer-centric supply chain in the conceptual framework. For each of the two sets of studies, the authors highlighted three main streams of research concerning customer integration into the supply chain. The authors analyzed three different topics: why customer integration is needed, how customer integration takes place and which intra-organizational issues are necessary to implement customer integration into the supply chain. Second, the authors developed a conceptual framework to confront customer-driven and customer-centric approaches to supply chain management in an evolutionary perspective. The authors thus formulated research propositions aimed at entering in greater depth the management of the shift from the customer-driven to customer-centric supply chain.,The systematic literature analysis developed in the paper contributed to more integrated and comprehensive knowledge of customer integration into the supply chain. The paper identifies and describes the characteristics of different supply chain approaches through the organization and interpretation of academics’ contributions. The paper suggests the need for further research in at least three areas: the study of variables supporting customer-driven or customer-centric approaches, the relevant intra-organizational issues underscoring the customer-centric supply chain and the impact of digitalization on supply chain processes.,The paper outlines the main structural elements that compose the customer-driven and customer-centric supply chains. The results of the systematic analysis of the literature can be used to inform managers about the different levels and approaches for achieving customer integration. These diverse configurations of customer integration imply administrative and organizational considerations. Major issues to be considered when managers want to integrate the customer into the supply chain are identified. In addition, conditions underscoring different options – namely, customer-driven and customer-centric supply chains – are provided.,The originality of this work lies in the systematic review of literature examining customer integration into supply chains, which highlights two main levels of customer integration: customer-driven and customer-centric. The main contribution is the formulation of a conceptual framework and new research propositions from the comparison and merger of these two configurations. The information presented in this paper enhances the literature on recent developments in customer integration, thereby enabling managers to select the most suitable configuration for the supply chain structure.

Customer integration into supply chains: literature review and research propositions

Objective Residential care/assisted living (RC/AL) has become a popular long-term care option in the past decade, in part because these settings offer residents a more home-like environment than nursing homes (NHs) while still offering supervision and assistance to meet individuals' personal and healthcare needs. One of the goals of RC/AL is to facilitate residents' ability to age in place by providing access to needed services and thereby delaying NH admission. This article explores individual and facility-level characteristics associated with discharge from RC/AL to NH with particular attention to persons with a psychiatric disorder. Methods A Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the risk factors associated with discharge from RC/AL to NH for a nonrandom sample of 366 residents in 37 RC/AL facilities in one state. Results Thirty-two percent of residents sampled had a psychiatric disorder. Residents with a psychiatric disorder were 1.78 times more likely to discharge to a NH. Other factors significantly associated with discharge from a RC/AL to NH included age (older), being married, more hospitalizations, for-profit ownership status, and part of a NH or continuing care retirement community. Conclusion This article identifies both facility and individual characteristics that increase the likelihood of RC/AL residents discharging to NHs. Given that one of the main findings is that persons with a psychiatric disorder are at increased risk of discharge to NH, there is a need for improved provision of services for this population in RC/ALs to reduce premature discharge to NHs and to support aging in place in RC/ALs.

The Relationship Between Psychiatric Disorders and the Ability to Age in Place in Assisted Living

Purpose: The number of residents in assisted living has rapidly increased, although these facilities still primarily serve people who can pay out of pocket. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs was authorized to provide this level of care for the first time in the Assisted Living Pilot Program (ALPP). We describe the residents and providers, comparing them across three facility types and other populations, to assess the characteristics and feasibility of this new approach. Design and Methods: We assessed ALPP residents and providers across seven Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. We obtained information from medical records, assessment tools, and a provider survey. Results: We report here on 743 residents placed from 2002 to 2004. The Department of Veterans Affairs contracted with 58 adult family homes, 56 assisted living facilities, and 46 residential care facilities. The average ALPP resident was a 70-year-old unmarried White man referred from an inpatient hospital and living in a private residence prior to placement. Adult family homes enrolled residents requiring greater levels of assistance with activities of daily living than other facility types. Assisted living facilities were less likely than adult family homes to admit residents with functional disabilities and less likely than either adult family homes or adult residential care facilities to admit residents with certain care needs. Implications: ALPP placed residents with a wide range of characteristics in community facilities that varied widely in size and services. This information can help determine the role of this type of care in and outside of the Department of Veterans Affairs.

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Characteristics of Residents and Providers in the Assisted Living Pilot Program

A 14-year-old girl was diagnosed at age 6 with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Both of her parents have been actively involved in her diabetic management. She recently gained 5.8 kg. At the time of presentation she was 174.2 cm tall and weighed 73.9 kg. While she was only moderately concerned about her recent weight gain, both her parents showed much more concern about her weight than about her blood sugar and vehemently objected to their daughter being interviewed separately, so that it became important to establish who the primary requester of treatment was. A very careful and delicate approach was chosen in which the adolescent was recommended to develop a regular exercise and eating regimen with participation and support of her parents.

Who Is the Customer

Given the recent increase in suicide rate among adolescents, mental health concerns constitute an area in need of systematic evaluation. Common sources of psychological stress include family conflict, depression, sexual abuse and assault, and eating disorders. Any of these problems may result in visits to the emergency department. Important ingredients for successful diagnosis and referral include careful screening, basic family therapy skills, and sensitivity to treating adolescents with respect.

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Papers

Who Is the Customer

Psychological and Psychiatric Emergencies: Strategies for Providers.