In this Chapter, we imagine a decision maker (or a group of experts) trying to establish or examine fair procedures to combine opinions about alternatives related to different points of view.

Multiple criteria decision making

Variation of Ba concentrations in some plants grown in Pakistan depending on traffic density

Machine learning is a science which was found and developed as a subfield of artificial intelligence in the 1950s. The first steps of machine learning goes back to the 1950s but there were no significant researches and developments on this science. However, in the 1990s, the researches on this field restarted, developed and have reached to this day. It is a science that will improve more in the future. The reason behind this development is the difficulty of analysing and processing the rapidly increasing data. Machine learning is based on the principle of finding the best model for the new data among the previous data thanks to this increasing data. Therefore, machine learning researches will go on in parallel with the increasing data. This research includes the history of machine learning, the methods used in machine learning, its application fields, and the researches on this field. The aim of this study is to transmit the knowledge on machine learning, which has become very popular nowadays, and its applications to the researchers.

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A Research on Machine Learning Methods and Its Applications

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the long-term equilibrium relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and total biomass consumption (BC) in Turkey, which has a rich diversity of ecological conditions prevailing throughout its regions. Design/methodology/approach – Bounds tests and conditional error correction models under the autoregressive distributed lag approach have been applied to annual data that cover the 1980-2010 period. Findings – Results suggest that CO2 emissions are in a long-term equilibrium relationship with total BC in Turkey. BC has a negative effect on CO2 emissions; 1 per cent increase in total BC would lead to 0.029 per cent reduction in CO2 emissions. Long-term coefficient of fossil fuel consumption for CO2 emissions is positive and elastic, 1.247. Finally, conditional error correction model of the present study reveals that CO2 emission in Turkey converges to its economic long-term equilibrium very quickly by 93.7 per cent speed of adjustment through the...

The impact of biomass consumption on CO2 emissions: An empirical investigation from Turkey

Climate change has negative effects on especially plant species that have a limited habitat. In this context, the stone pine (Pinus pinea L.), which has a limited distribution, is prominent with its economic, ecological and aesthetical characteristics, and it is frequently preferred in afforestation. In this study, the habitats in Turkey that are suitable for distribution of P. pinea L. were modelled by using Maxent based on high-resolution environmental data. In total, 13 field-based occurrence points and 19 bioclimatic variables were used to model the potential distribution area under current and two prediction model (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for the years 2050 and 2070. According to the results, the most important bioclimatic variables effective on the potential distribution of P. pinea L. were found as the minimum temperature of coldest month (Bio6), annual precipitation (Bio12) and precipitation of wettest quarter (Bio16). Prediction models under two future climate change scenarios displayed that P. pinea L. will lose habitat and it will shift geographical distribution towards north and higher elevation sites. Considering especially the economic contributions provided by P. pinea L., these results necessitate consideration of the areas where the rate of potential distribution of the species is the highest in afforestation work aiming rural development. In addition to habitat losses, climate change affects many variables of the ecosystem.

https://www.scielo.br/pdf/cerne/v25n4/2317-6342-cerne-25-04-415.pdf

Investigation and evaluation of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) current and future potential distribution under climate change in Turkey.

Dunyadaki nufus artisi ve gelisen teknolojiyle beraber enerjiye olan gereksinim gunden gune artmaktadir. Bu durum yeni enerji kaynaklari bulma ihtiyacini ortaya cikarmistir. Bu anlamda mevcut enerji kaynaklarina ek olarak son yillarda biyokutle enerjisi uretimi ile bu soruna alternatif cozumler aranmistir. Biyokutle enerjisi cevre ile dost surdurulebilir enerji uretimini ve cevre yonetimini saglayan, kalkinmayi hedefleyen ozellikleri ile tum dunyada genis bir uygulama alani bulmustur. Bu sebeple Turkiye’de de biyokutlenin enerji uretiminde degerlendirilmesi konusu onem kazanmistir. Bu calismada biyokutle yetistiriciliginin ulkemizdeki potansiyeli ve onemi hakkinda bilgiler verilmis ve bu kapsamda biyokutlenin enerji uretiminde degerlendirilme olanaklari ele alinmistir.

/pdf/biyokutlenin-turkiye-de-enerji-uretiminde-degerlendirilmesi-4v8l38bq1z.pdf

Bi̇yokütleni̇n türki̇ye’de enerji̇ üreti̇mi̇nde değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇

Determining the priorities in utilization of forest residues as biomass: an A'wot analysis

Selection of Superior Clones by the Multi-Dimensional Decision-Making Techniques in Scots Pine Seed Orchard

Energy need has been increasing day by day with population increase and developing technologies. This situation leads the need for finding new energy sources. For the last decades, biomass energy has been considered as an alternative to available energy sources. Biomass energy has found great opportunities for being environmentally friendly sustainable energy source, providing safe environmental management and targeting development throughout the world. For this reason, utilization of biomass energy has gained importance as an energy source in Turkey. In this study, information about biomass production potential and importance in Turkey was presented, moreover, utilization possibilities of biomass for energy production was investigated.

Utilizations of biomass as an energy source in Turkey.

The aim of the paper is to determine the effects of nano fillers such as cellulose nanofibrils and nano-scaled titanium dioxide on some properties of polyhydroxybutyrate and polylactic acid biopoly...

Cellulose nanofibrils and nano-scaled titanium dioxide-reinforced biopolymer nanocomposites: Selecting the best nanocomposites with multicriteria decision-making methods:

Rıfat Kurt

Papers

Bi̇yokütleni̇n türki̇ye’de enerji̇ üreti̇mi̇nde değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇

Determining the priorities in utilization of forest residues as biomass: an A'wot analysis

Selection of Superior Clones by the Multi-Dimensional Decision-Making Techniques in Scots Pine Seed Orchard

Utilizations of biomass as an energy source in Turkey.

Cellulose nanofibrils and nano-scaled titanium dioxide-reinforced biopolymer nanocomposites: Selecting the best nanocomposites with multicriteria decision-making methods: