https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/190290035/water_treatment_revised_Review_Accepted_for_publication.pdf

Insight on water remediation application using magnetic nanomaterials and biosorbents

Yes, we should have a BSL Bill in Scotland as amendments to existing legislation may not be sufficient. Under the Equality Act 2010, asking for information and services in BSL is only available as a ‘reasonable adjustment. What is reasonable for an organisation to do depends, among other factors, on its size and nature, and the facilities or services it provides, or the public functions it carries out’. Separate legislation may be the best way of promoting and embedding BSL as a minority language in Scotland. It would also improve consistency of service delivery to BSL users and make informed choice a reality for members of the deaf community.

The General Approach

Owing to their large ratio of surface area to mass and volume, metal–organic frameworks and porous carbons have revolutionized many applications that rely on chemical and physical interactions at surfaces. However, a major challenge today is to shape these porous materials to translate their enhanced performance from the laboratory into macroscopic real-world applications. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of how the precise morphology control of metal oxides can be transferred to metal–organic frameworks and porous carbon materials. As such, tailored material structures can be designed in 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D with considerable implications for applications such as in energy storage, catalysis and nanomedicine. Therefore, we predict that major research advances in morphology control of metal–organic frameworks and porous carbons will facilitate the use of these materials in addressing major needs of the society, especially the grand challenges of energy, health, and environment.

/pdf/controlling-the-morphology-of-metal-organic-frameworks-and-wrgejda6fj.pdf

Controlling the morphology of metal–organic frameworks and porous carbon materials: metal oxides as primary architecture-directing agents

Due to the rapid growth in the heavy metal-based industries, their effluent and local dumping have created significant environmental issues. In the past, typically, removal of heavy metals was handled by reverse osmosis and ion exchange techniques, but these methods have many disadvantages. Therefore, extensive work into the development of improved techniques has increased, especially for heavy metal removal. Many countries are currently researching new materials and techniques based on nanotechnology for various applications that involve extracting heavy metals from different water sources such as wastewater, groundwater, drinking water and surface water. Nanotechnology provides the possibility of enhancing existing techniques to tackle problems more efficiently. The development in nanotechnology has led to the discovery of many new materials such as magnetic nanoparticles. These nanoparticles demonstrate excellent properties such as surface-volume ratio, higher surface area, low toxicity and easy separation. Besides, magnetic nanoparticles can be easily and efficiently recovered after adsorption compared with other typical adsorbents. This review mainly emphasises on the efficiency of heavy metal removal using magnetic nanoadsorbent from aqueous solution. In addition, an in-depth analysis of the synthesis, characterisation and modification approaches of magnetic nanoparticles is systematically presented. Furthermore, future opportunities and challenges of using magnetic particles as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals are also discussed.

Magnetic nanoadsorbents' potential route for heavy metals removal - a review

Enhanced adsorption of As(V) and Mn(VII) from industrial wastewater using multi-walled carbon nanotubes and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

With increasing trend in industrialization, heavy metals possess a great threat to the environment due to their discharge in water and wastewater above permissible limits. Heavy metals have toxic effects on human and environment. However, advancement in newly budding and fangled nanotechnology offers better treatment techniques. Development of novel and cost-effective 0D, 1D, 2D and 3D nanomaterials for environmental remediation, pollution detection and other applications has attracted considerable attention. Zero valent iron and iron oxide nanoparticles are found to be the best candidates for heavy metal adsorption and removal. Various mechanical, optical and electrical properties of nanoparticles play important role in nanoparticle formation and interaction. Forms of iron oxide such as hematite (α Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles of varied morphology and size (10 nm, 20 nm, 50 nm etc.) were synthesized by various methods like sol-gel, precipitation, hydrothermal processes and magnetic nano-composites with different iron precursors (iron acetate, iron nitrate, ferric chloride, ferrous sulphate etc.). Iron oxide nanoparticles (in a variety of chemical and structural forms) have already exhibited its diversity and potential in many frontiers of environmental area. Present review is focused on the application of iron and iron oxide nanoparticles towards heavy metal removal.

A review on nanotechnological application of magnetic iron oxides for heavy metal removal

Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been used as adsorbents for the removal of heavy-metal ions. In this study, optimization of the Pb2+ adsorption process using Fe3O4 has been investigated. The adsorbent was characterized by various techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The influence of process variables on adsorption of Pb2+ ions in accordance with p < 0.05 was investigated and analyzed by the Box-Behnken design (BBD) matrix with five variables (pH, adsorbent dose, initial Pb2+ ion concentration, contact time, and temperature). The pH and temperature were observed to be the most significant parameters that affected the Pb2+ ion adsorption capacity from the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Conduction of 46 experiments according to BBD and a subsequent analysis of variance (ANOVA) provide information in an empirical equation for the expected response. However, a quadratic correlation was established to calculate the optimum conditions, and it was found that the R 2 value (0.99) is in good agreement with adjusted R 2 (0.98). The optimum process value of variables obtained by numerical optimization corresponds to pH 6, an adsorbent dose of 10 mg, and an initial Pb2+ ion concentration of 110 mg L-1 in 40 min at 40 °C adsorption temperature. A maximum of 98.4% adsorption efficiency was achieved under optimum conditions. Furthermore, the presented model with an F value of 176.7 could adequately predict the response and give appropriate information to scale up the process.

Optimization and Experimental Design of the Pb2+ Adsorption Process on a Nano-Fe3O4-Based Adsorbent Using the Response Surface Methodology

With the pace of time, synthesis of nanomaterials has paved paths to blend two or more materials having different properties into hybrid nanoparticles. Therefore, it has become possible to combine two different functionalities in a single nanoparticle and their properties can be enhanced or modified by coupling of two different components. Core-shell technology has now represented a new trend in analytical sciences. Core-shell nanostructures are in demand due to their specific design and geometry. They have internal core of one component (metal or biomolecules) surrounded by a shell of another component. Core-shell nanoparticles have great importance due to their high thermal stability, high solubility and lower toxicity. In this review, recent progress in development of new and sophisticated core-shell nanostructures has been explored. The first section covers introduction throwing light on basics of core-shell nanoparticles. Following section classifies core-shell nanostructures into single core/shell, multicore/single shell, single core/multishell and multicore/multishell nanostructures. Next main section gives a brief description on types of core-shell nanomaterials followed by processes for the synthesis of core-shell nanostructures. Ultimately, the final section focuses on the application areas such as drug delivery, bioimaging, solar cell applications etc.

Core-shell nanostructures: a simplest two-component system with enhanced properties and multiple applications.

Lead has been a burgeoning environmental pollutant used in industrial sectors. Therefore, to emphasize the reactivity of lead toward magnetite nanoparticles for their removal, the present study was...

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.0c00450

Experimental and Modeling Process Optimization of Lead Adsorption on Magnetite Nanoparticles via Isothermal, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Studies.


 Since many centuries, we have progressively tracked our capacities in the field of water contamination. An intense increase in heavy metals have led to the problems needing priority concerns. In this study, we have fabricated nanoparticles as an alternative source to decontaminate heavy metals from water. Hence, the efficacy of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was observed by adsorbing Cr6+ ions from aqueous systems. HRTEM analysis determined the average size of 42.90 nm and spherical morphology of the nanoparticles. Various parameters at their optimum conditions such as pH 2, contact time 50 minutes, temperature 20°C, initial metal concentration of 10 mgL-1 and nanoparticle dose of 60 mg were found to achieve maximum adsorption. Isotherms like Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and D-R were applied to the experimental equilibrium data, and it corresponds to the Temkin model with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99. Moreover, pseudo second order reaction describes the adsorption which was a three-step process. The negative value of ΔG well describes the physisorption nature, feasibility, and spontaneity of the adsorption process.

Rimmy Singh

Papers

A review on nanotechnological application of magnetic iron oxides for heavy metal removal

Optimization and Experimental Design of the Pb2+ Adsorption Process on a Nano-Fe3O4-Based Adsorbent Using the Response Surface Methodology

Core-shell nanostructures: a simplest two-component system with enhanced properties and multiple applications.

Experimental and Modeling Process Optimization of Lead Adsorption on Magnetite Nanoparticles via Isothermal, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Studies.

Evaluation of Batch and Equilibrium Cr6+ adsorption on Fe3O4 nanoparticles via isothermal and kinetic studies