Interest in the problem of method biases has a long history in the behavioral sciences. Despite this, a comprehensive summary of the potential sources of method biases and how to control for them does not exist. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which method biases influence behavioral research results, identify potential sources of method biases, discuss the cognitive processes through which method biases influence responses to measures, evaluate the many different procedural and statistical techniques that can be used to control method biases, and provide recommendations for how to select appropriate procedural and statistical remedies for different types of research settings.

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Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.

Evidence from past research and insights from an exploratory investigation are combined in a conceptual model that defines and relates price, perceived quality, and perceived value. Propositions ab...

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Consumer Perceptions of Price, Quality, and Value: A Means-End Model and Synthesis of Evidence:

How has Japan become a major economic power, a world leader in the automotive and electronics industries? What is the secret of their success? The consensus has been that, though the Japanese are not particularly innovative, they are exceptionally skilful at imitation, at improving products that already exist. But now two leading Japanese business experts, Ikujiro Nonaka and Hiro Takeuchi, turn this conventional wisdom on its head: Japanese firms are successful, they contend, precisely because they are innovative, because they create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies. Examining case studies drawn from such firms as Honda, Canon, Matsushita, NEC, 3M, GE, and the U.S. Marines, this book reveals how Japanese companies translate tacit to explicit knowledge and use it to produce new processes, products, and services.

The knowledge-creating company : how Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation

Behavioral scientists routinely publish broad claims about human psychology and behavior in the world's top journals based on samples drawn entirely from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) societies. Researchers - often implicitly - assume that either there is little variation across human populations, or that these "standard subjects" are as representative of the species as any other population. Are these assumptions justified? Here, our review of the comparative database from across the behavioral sciences suggests both that there is substantial variability in experimental results across populations and that WEIRD subjects are particularly unusual compared with the rest of the species - frequent outliers. The domains reviewed include visual perception, fairness, cooperation, spatial reasoning, categorization and inferential induction, moral reasoning, reasoning styles, self-concepts and related motivations, and the heritability of IQ. The findings suggest that members of WEIRD societies, including young children, are among the least representative populations one could find for generalizing about humans. Many of these findings involve domains that are associated with fundamental aspects of psychology, motivation, and behavior - hence, there are no obvious a priori grounds for claiming that a particular behavioral phenomenon is universal based on sampling from a single subpopulation. Overall, these empirical patterns suggests that we need to be less cavalier in addressing questions of human nature on the basis of data drawn from this particularly thin, and rather unusual, slice of humanity. We close by proposing ways to structurally re-organize the behavioral sciences to best tackle these challenges.

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The WEIRDest People in the World

MKT 6009 Marketing Internship (0 semester credit hours) Student gains experience and improves skills through appropriate developmental work assignments in a real business environment. Student must identify and submit specific business learning objectives at the beginning of the semester. The student must demonstrate exposure to the managerial perspective via involvement or observation. At semester end, student prepares an oral or poster presentation, or a written paper reflecting on the work experience. Student performance is evaluated by the work supervisor. Pass/Fail only. Prerequisites: (MAS 6102 or MBA major) and department consent required. (0-0) S MKT 6244 Digital Marketing Strategy (2 semester credit hours) Executive Education Course. The course explores three distinct areas within marketing and sales namely, digital marketing, traditional sales prospecting, and executive sales organization and strategy. The continuing convergence of the digital marketing and sales funnels has created a strategic continuum from digital lead generation to digital sales. The course identifies the current composition of this digital continuum while providing opportunities to evaluate sales and marketing digital strategies. Prerequisites: MKT 6301 and instructor consent required. (2-0) Y MKT 6301 (SYSM 6318) Marketing Management (3 semester credit hours) Overview of marketing management methods, principles and concepts including product, pricing, promotion and distribution decisions as well as segmentation, targeting and positioning. (3-0) S MKT 6309 Marketing Data Analysis and Research (3 semester credit hours) Methods employed in market research and data analysis to understand consumer behavior, customer journeys, and markets so as to enable better decision-making. Topics include understanding different sources of data, survey design, experiments, and sampling plans. The course will cover the techniques used for market sizing estimation and forecasting. In addition, the course will cover the foundational concepts and techniques used in data visualization and \"story-telling\" for clients and management. Corequisites: MKT 6301 and OPRE 6301. (3-0) Y MKT 6310 Consumer Behavior (3 semester credit hours) An exposition of the theoretical perspectives of consumer behavior along with practical marketing implication. Study of psychological, sociological and behavioral findings and frameworks with reference to consumer decision-making. Topics will include the consumer decision-making model, individual determinants of consumer behavior and environmental influences on consumer behavior and their impact on marketing. Prerequisite: MKT 6301. (3-0) Y MKT 6321 Interactive and Digital Marketing (3 semester credit hours) Introduction to the theory and practice of interactive and digital marketing. Topics covered include: online-market research, consumer behavior, conversion metrics, and segmentation considerations; ecommerce, search and display advertising, audiences, search engine marketing, email, mobile, video, social networks, and the Internet of Things. (3-0) T MKT 6322 Internet Business Models (3 semester credit hours) Topics to be covered are: consumer behavior on the Internet, advertising on the Internet, competitive strategies, market research using the Internet, brand management, managing distribution and supply chains, pricing strategies, electronic payment systems, and developing virtual organizations. Further, students learn auction theory, web content design, and clickstream analysis. Prerequisite: MKT 6301. (3-0) Y MKT 6323 Database Marketing (3 semester credit hours) Techniques to analyze, interpret, and utilize marketing databases of customers to identify a firm's best customers, understanding their needs, and targeting communications and promotions to retain such customers. Topics

Marketing for management.

Book Review: Review of Marketing-1978:

When conducting or evaluating cross-cultural/cross-national research studies a critical question must be asked about the measurements: are they culturally an emic or etic? That is, is the research methodology culturally bound or culture free? The research described in this paper shows how etic and emic properties may be explored by using the Ethicality Scale developed by Albaum and Peterson (2006) and demonstrates that it is at best an imposed etic scale. In doing so, this research confirms Adler's (1991) view that similarity across cultures should be proven rather than assumed. It also raises questions about the frequent assumption of implied or imposed etic validity in cross-cultural/cross-national research.JEL: M14, M16, M30KEYWORDS: Equivalency, Ethics, Ethicality Scale, Emic vs. Etic, Cross-cultural Research INTRODUCTION(ProQuest: ... denotes formula omitted.)Cross-cultural/cross national studies are increasing in number and viewed as providing valuable insight for researchers, classroom teaching, and business practice; yet serious concerns about methodology exist that must be overcome if the studies are to make useful contributions (Huit et al., 2008). Watkins (2010) notes that many researchers make assumptions that "the values measured are 'universal,' exhaustive and applicable to every culture" (p. 702) and often assume validity without establishing it. Thus, when interpreting the results of cross-cultural/cross-national research it is necessary to carefully consider if the measurements are emic or etic.Among the many issues in cross-cultural/cross-national research (Adler, 1983; Chan & Rossiter, 2003; Sekaran, 1983), perhaps the most important is that of data equivalence (J.W. Berry, 1980; Craig & Douglas, 2000; Kumar, 2000; Mullen, 1995; Salzberger, Sinkovics, & Schlegelmilch, 1999). Studies reviewing international business literature, including international studies in general marketing and buyer behavior have determined that many cross cultural studies do not examine equivalence of data (He, Merz, & Alden, 2008; Huit, et al., 2008; Watkins, 2010). Explanations given for the lack of data equivalence measurement were: data not viewed as conducive to data equivalence measurements; analysis not viewed as necessary; and researchers not familiar with the methodology (He, et al, 2008). Despite numerous calls for improved analysis of data equivalence measures, Huit, et al. (2008) show no statistically significant improvement in data equivalence analysis from 1995-2005, and Watkins (2010) reports such tests are not often presented. Of the researchers in the He, et al. sample not reporting data equivalence measures, 72% indicate that the need for such analysis was not mentioned by either reviewers or editors.The study reported here involves assessing the validity of the Ethicality Scale, a measurement scale of business-related ethicality developed in the United States by Albaum and Peterson (2006), by measuring business ethics-related attitudes of respondents in 13 countries. The purpose of this assessment is to demonstrate how to test for etic and emic properties by using measures of data equivalence. To do so, the analysis extends guidelines suggested by Huit, et al. (2008) for assessing data equivalence. For the sake of simplicity, the terms "culture" and "nation" are used interchangeably to define the domain of concern. However, it must be remembered that culture does not always equal nation so that much research that is labeled "cross-cultural" is more appropriately "cross-national."Below, the concepts of emic and etic research methodology are reviewed followed by a discussion of data equivalence and how equivalence may be measured. The methodology of data collection, measurement, standardization and analysis is then reviewed. Finally, the results of the analysis are discussed and questions for future research are presented.LITERATURE REVIEWThe Emic/Etic IssueAn aspect of research methodology is an emic when it is culture-bound. …

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Measuring business related ethicality globally: cultural emic or etic?

SVIB interests and product preferences

Some Experimental Evidence

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs13162-012-0031-8.pdf

Robert A. Peterson

Papers

Book Review: Review of Marketing-1978:

Measuring business related ethicality globally: cultural emic or etic?

SVIB interests and product preferences

Some Experimental Evidence

The AMS review: year 2