Hydrotalcite-type anionic clays: Preparation, properties and applications.

CO2 conversion covers a wide range of possible application areas from fuels to bulk and commodity chemicals and even to specialty products with biological activity such as pharmaceuticals. In the present review, we discuss selected examples in these areas in a combined analysis of the state-of-the-art of synthetic methodologies and processes with their life cycle assessment. Thereby, we attempted to assess the potential to reduce the environmental footprint in these application fields relative to the current petrochemical value chain. This analysis and discussion differs significantly from a viewpoint on CO2 utilization as a measure for global CO2 mitigation. Whereas the latter focuses on reducing the end-of-pipe problem “CO2 emissions” from todays’ industries, the approach taken here tries to identify opportunities by exploiting a novel feedstock that avoids the utilization of fossil resource in transition toward more sustainable future production. Thus, the motivation to develop CO2-based chemistry does...

Sustainable Conversion of Carbon Dioxide: An Integrated Review of Catalysis and Life Cycle Assessment

Review on methanation – From fundamentals to current projects

Hydrogen (H2) was produced by aqueous-phase reforming of biomass-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons at temperatures near 500 kelvin over a tin-promoted Raney-nickel catalyst. The performance of this non-precious metal catalyst compares favorably with that of platinum-based catalysts for production of hydrogen from ethylene glycol, glycerol, and sorbitol. The addition of tin to nickel decreases the rate of methane formation from C-O bond cleavage while maintaining the high rates of C-C bond cleavage required for hydrogen formation.

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Raney Ni-Sn Catalyst for H2 Production from Biomass-Derived Hydrocarbons

Preparation and catalytic properties of transition metal carbides and nitrides

The activity of several molybdenum compounds for the methanation of CO2

A chain growth scheme for the higher alcohols synthesis

Alkali oxides added to methanol catalysts increase the formation of ethanol, n-propanol and isobutyl alcohol. This result has been known for many years, yet few quantitative studies have been reported in the literature. Data obtained on a commercial copper-zinc oxide catalyst promoted with K2 CO3 are presented and compared with published work. The optimum promoter concentration was about 0.5% by weight. The H2 to CO feed ratio was important in determining the higher alcohol selectivity. The rate of production of isobutyl alcohol varied as pp while for methanol, ethanol and n-propanol both exponents were positive and less than 1.6. Decreasing the hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio from 2 to 0.5 more than doubled the isobutyl alcohol selectivity. Chain growth schemes predicting the higher alcohol selectivity are presented and estimates of the parameters are given.



L'addition d'oxydes alcalins aux catalyseurs de la production du methanol augmente la formation d'ethanol, de n-propanol et d'alcool isobutylique; ce resultat est connu depuis nombre d'annees, mais jusqu'ici peu d'etudes quantitatives sur ce point ont paru dans la litterature. On rapporte les resultats d'une etude faite sur un catalyseur commercial forme de cuivre et d'oxyde de zinc et active par K2 CO3; on compare aussi les resultats obtenus avec ceux de la litterature. La concentration optimale de l'activateur est 0.5% en poids. Le rapport d'alimentation H2/CO est important pour la selectivite en alcools superieurs. La vitesse de production de l'alcool isobutylique varie comme pp, tandis que, dans le cas du methanol, de l'ethanol et du propanol normal, les deux exposants etaient positifs et inferieurs a 1.6. En diminuant le rapport H2/CO de 2 a 0.5, on a double la selectivite en alcool isobutylique. On presente des modeles de croissance de chaǐnes pour prevoir la selectivite en alcools superieurs et on donne des estimations des differents parametres.

Robert B. Anderson

Papers

The activity of several molybdenum compounds for the methanation of CO2

A chain growth scheme for the higher alcohols synthesis

The higher alcohol synthesis over promoted Cu/ZnO catalysts

The structure of Raney nickel: I. Pore structure

The structure of Raney nickel: II. Electron microprobe studies