Economic Freedom of the World: 2002 Annual Report

EIGHT members of the Yale Institute of Human Relations have co-operated to produce this book The result is not a mere juxtaposition of uncoordinated viewpoints but a unity of aim and consistency in presentation which make the multiple authorship almost undetectable Whatever judgment one may make about the value of the hypothesis elaborated in the book, there can be little doubt that the intimate collaboration of a team of specialists, each with a distinctive training, is a profitable way of examining a problem which has no clear-cut frontiers and which does not fall neatly into one of the conventional compartments of social study Frustration and Aggression By John Dollard Neal E Miller Leonard W Doob O H Mowrer Robert R Sears, in collaboration with Clellan S Ford, Carl Iver Hovland and Richard T Sollenberger (International Library of Sociology and Social Reconstruction) Pp ix + 150 (London: Kegan Paul and Co, Ltd, 1944) 10s 6d net

Frustration and Aggression

Background:NewUSFoodandDrugAdministrationlabeling in 2003 recognizes stroke and evidence of cerebrovasculardiseaseasindicatorconditionsforinitiatingstatin (simvastatin) therapy, based on results of the Heart Protection Study, thereby extending the indications for statins in stroke beyond current US and European guidelines. Objective: To assess the impact on clinical practice of broadeningindicationsforstatinsinpatientswithstroke. Design: Observational study. Setting: University hospital stroke service. Patients: One hundred consecutive patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. Interventions: Development and application of algorithmsforinitiatingstatintherapyinpatientswithstroke and transient ischemia abstracted from recent national and international guidelines (National Cholesterol EducationProgramAdultTreatmentPanelIII,EuropeanJoint TaskForceII),HeartProtectionStudyentrycriteria,and Heart Protection Study–based US Food and Drug Administration labeling. Main Outcome Measures:Percentages of patients who met clinical trial–validated and US Food and Drug Administration–approved criteria for initiation of statin therapy. Results: Patient age averaged 74 years (range, 35-96 years);64%werefemale,and74%werewhite.Strokesubtype was large-vessel atherosclerosis in 24%, cardioembolic in 44%, small-vessel atherosclerosis in 22%, and other in 10%. Twenty of 100 patients were already taking statins on admission. Guidelines for definite initiation of statin treatment were met by 48% of patients for theNationalCholesterolEducationProgramIII,38%for the European Joint Task Force II, 92% for the Heart Protection Study, and 100% for the Food and Drug Administration.

http://lib.ajaums.ac.ir/booklist/archives%20of%20neurology_Jan-1_27.pdf

A Quantitative Study

The study of regimes can contribute to our understanding of international politics only if regimes represent more than international organizations and less than all international relations. The conceptualization of regimes developed here accepts the realist image of international politics, in which autonomous self-interested states interact in an anarchic environment. Yet there are situations in which rational actors have an incentive to eschew unconstrained independent decision making, situations in which individualistic self-interested calculation leads them to prefer joint decision making (regimes) because independent self-interested behavior can result in undesirable or suboptimal outcomes. These situations are labeled dilemmas of common interests and dilemmas of common aversions. To deal with these, states must collaborate with one another or coordinate their behavior, respectively. Thus there are different bases for regimes, which give rise to regimes with different characteristics. Coordination is self-enforcing and can be reached through the use of conventions. Collaboration is more formalized and requires mechanisms both to monitor potential cheating and to insure compliance with the regime. The article elucidates the assumptions of such an interest-based approach to regimes, assimilates alternative explanations into this framework, and develops the implications for regime maintenance and change.

Coordination and Collaboration: Regimes in an Anarchic World

When making decisions or talking to others, people use mental models of the world to evaluate choices and frame discussions. This paper describes a methodology for representing mental models as maps, extracting these maps from texts, and analyzing and comparing the extracted maps. The methodology employs a set of computer-based tools to analyze written and spoken texts. These tools support textual comparison both in terms of what concepts are present and in terms of what structures of information are present. The methodology supports both qualitative and quantitative comparisons of the resulting representations. This approach is illustrated using data drawn from a larger study of students learning to write where it is possible to compare the students' mental models with that of instructor. EXTRACTING, REPRESENTING AND ANALYZING MENTAL MODELS

Robert C. North

Papers

Conquest of Violence: The Gandhian Philosophy of Conflict

Nations in Conflict: National Growth and International Violence

Content Analysis: A Handbook with Applications for the Study of International Crisis.

Moscow and Chinese Communists.

The challenge of Japan before World War II and after