An environmentally accommodating, reduced NOx, spark (18a) or plasma ignited reciprocating multi-fuel engine utilizing direct, in cylinder, water injection (17) and an optional oxygen enriched air supply (10) is able to operate as an ultra-lean burn, high compression ratio engine for notable power output and increased efficiency.

In-cylinder water injection engine

The object of the invention is to provide an operating method of an internal combustion engine with critical water injection, in which the advantage of critical water is positively utilized to increase engine efficiency and output in addition to the reduction of the emission of nitrogen oxide and CO. It is characterized in that sub- or super-critical water of above 250° C. and above 10 MPa is injected during the compression or combustion stroke of the internal combustion engine by starting the injection before the fuel ignites in the compression stroke, particularly the injection is done so that said critical water interferes with the fuel spray injected into the combustion chamber, and the injection period is in the range of −90° C.˜+30° C. from the top dead center crank position.

Method of operating internal combustion engine injected with critical water

A low emission power generating apparatus which comprises a modified two-stroke diesel engine component (12) and modified turbocharger component (14) which has a relatively low aspect ratio The diesel engine component (12) is a modification of a conventional two-stroke diesel engine design and includes an exhaust valve cam of unique design that has a cam profile which results in a later-than-normal exhaust valve (24) opening and an earlier-than-normal valve closing so that the time during which the exhaust valve (24) remains open is shorter than normal, thereby causing a substantially greater volume of residual gases to remain in the combustion chamber (18) following the scavenge stroke Reduction in peak combustion temperature advantageously results in the lower than normal production of nitrogen oxide and, therefore, allows advancement of the injection timing, while still maintaining the NOx emissions coming form the engine lower than those legislatively mandated The modified turbocharger component (14) provides an additional charge of oxygen-rich air into the combustion chamber (18)

Low emission power plant and method of making same

A radial, two-stroke uniflow internal combustion (IC) cylinder and multiple cylinder engine, the cylinder having a cylinder wall and a cylinder head, the cylinder head having an exhaust port, a fuel injector, and a spark means disposed through the cylinder head, a piston reciprocally mounted in the cylinder for movement alternately through compression and power strokes, and an inlet swirl port disposed through the cylinder wall providing fluid communication into the cylinder chamber, and having an annular exhaust air manifold in exhaust gas communication with each exhaust ports, and an exhaust-driven radial in-flow turbine that drives the inlet air compression.

Two-stroke uniflow turbo-compound internal combustion engine

A combustion chamber of an engine has a fuel injector provided for injecting fuel directly in the combustion chamber. A fuel injector and a gap of a spark plug are located on the axis of the cylinder of the engine. A fuel injection finishing crank angle is set at an angle to advance an ignition timing in accordance with an arrival time of a fuel spray at the tap, and a fuel injection starting angle with respect to the fuel injection finishing angle is set in accordance with a quantity of the injected fuel.

Fuel injection timing control system for an internal combustion engine with a direct fuel injection system

The two-stroke engine has a piston mounted in a cylinder having a full diameter bore throughout its major length and a reduced diameter upper bore portion. The piston has the same configuration and in its upward compression stroke, air and finely-divided water droplets are admitted into an annular space formed between the piston's reduced diameter and the cylinder's full diameter. Flow of the air water mixture through an exhaust valve cools the motor. At TDC (top dead center) the upper surfaces of the piston and the cylinder mutually form a relatively small spheroidal combustion chamber. Differing compression ratios in the annular and the spheroidal chamber cause the air-water mixture to rush into the spheroid in a swirling motion to intimately mix with injected fuel. Ignition produces a complete burning. End gases or the like are burnt in the cooler annular space to avoid detonation. The fuel injection is in measured increments determined by the temperature and pressure of the water mixture. The water supply also is metered responsively both to the engine temperature and the fuel demands. To increase engine output, an operator varies the amount and pressure of the air supply by varying the eccentricity of an eccentric vane blower. A special high pressure injection system is provided for improving both safety and performance.

Robert Denney Jordan

Papers

Positive power control internal combustion engine