An apparatus and process for oxygenating a liquid. The apparatus includes a liquid pump fluidly connected to an injector (74) having a liquid inlet (72) forming a nozzle, a liquid outlet (94) and an oxygen inlet (96) therebetween, the injector arranged such that the injector liquid inlet (72) is above the injector liquid outlet (94), and a downwardly opening first diffuser portion (100) connected to the injector outlet (94). The first diffuser portion (100) is serially connected to a second diffuser portion (102) located below the first diffuser portion. Liquid being pumped by the pump is conducted downwardly through the injector (74) and the first diffuser portion (100) to the second diffuser portion (102). The process includes the steps of first, introducing a liquid under pressure into the injector and flowing it liquid downwardly through the injector at a selected liquid volume flow rate; second, introducing oxygen into the injector to create an admixture of liquid and large oxygen bubbles, third, introducing the mixture of liquid and large oxygen bubbles from the injector into the first diffuser portion at such velocity to create the shockwave in the first diffuser portion; fourth, breaking up the large oxygen bubbles into a greater number of small oxygen bubbles; fifth, introducing a mixture of liquid and small oxygen bubbles from the first diffuser portion into the second diffuser portion, which may be a continuation of the first diffuser portion and wherein the presure of the admixture is increased; sixth, floating some of the bubbles upwards against the downward liquid flow and breaking them down to smaller size; continuing the fourth through sixth steps until the smaller bubbles no longer float upwards; and recovering the oxygen-enriched liquid.

Oxygenating apparatus, method for oxygenating a liquid therewith, and applications thereof

An atomizer includes a housing that has a plurality of atomizing nozzles which will atomize a solution containing small particles that are to be carried in an output aerosol. The atomizer nozzles are surrounded by a ring-like surface against which the atomized material impinges to collect large droplets and to cause secondary atomization of the liquid impinging on the ring-like surface. The ring-like surface can have many different cross-sectional configurations for obtaining different results in secondary atomization and droplet collection.

High output PSL aerosol generator

A process for the conversion of hydrocarbons that are solid or have a high boiling temperature and may be laden with metals, sulfur or sediments, into liquids (gasolines, gas oil, fuels) with the help of a jet of gas properly superheated between 600 and 800°C. The process comprises preheating a feed (5) in a heater (8) to a temperature below the selected temperature of a reactor (10). This feed is injected by injectors (4) into the empty reactor (10) (i.e., without catalyst.) The feed is treated with a jet of gas or superheated steam from superheater (2) to activate the feed. The activated products in the feed are allowed to stabilize at the selected temperature and at a selected pressure in the reactor and are then run through a series of extractors (13) to separate heavy and light hydrocarbons and to demetallize the feed. Useful products appearing in the form of water/hydrocarbon emulsions are generally demulsified in emulsion breaker (16) to form water laden with different impurities. The light phase containing the final hydrocarbons is heated in heater (98) and is separated into cuts of conventional products, according to the demand for refining by an extractor (18) similar to (13).

Deep conversion combining the demetallization and the conversion of crudes, residues or heavy oils into light liquids with pure or impure oxygenated compounds

A method and device for the in-line dispersion transfer of a gas flow into a liquid flow for dispersing and diffusing ambient air and/or other oxidant gas or gases into a filtrate or other liquid flow, such as water, and at super saturation achieving rates, to provide for oxidation and/or coagulation treatment of the contaminants or other undesirable materials in the liquid, for chemical free, water purification purposes, in which the device involved is free of moving parts and comprises a T-fitting body defining in-line liquid inflow and outflow ends and a mounting section intermediate such ends, with the fitting body mounting between its said ends thereof a standpipe at the mounting section of same with the standpipe being exposed to a source of the gas to be dispersed into the liquid flow, and with the fitting body and the standpipe comprising an assembly for dispersing the gas into the liquid flow including Venturi action means for dispersing or diffusing the gas in the liquid, induced by the kinetic energy of the liquid flow through said fitting body Both vacuum and pressure gas supply systems are disclosed

Method and device for in-line mass dispersion transfer of a gas flow into a liquid flow

The method and apparatus for making a micro-dispersed gas-liquid mixture which includes a gas-liquid ejector unit, a cavitation unit and a jet dispersing unit installed in a sequence. All above referenced units are installed into a cylindrical housing which in turn includes bottom and top covers and also has a first partition having a conical orifice separating a gas-liquid ejector unit from a cavitation unit and a second partition separating a cavitation unit from a jet dispersing unit. The gas-liquid ejector unit has an inlet located at the bottom of the cylindrical housing for liquid and the inlet located on side surface of housing for gas, these being between bottom cover of the housing and the first partition. In addition, the inlet for liquid is a nozzle the top having both outside and inside parts of which are adapted to the conical orifice of first partition to provide a required flow-rate of an ejected gas through the gas inlet. The gas-liquid ejector unit communicates through the conical orifice of the first partition with a cavitation unit comprising a hollow cylindrical cavitation chamber having at least one tangential inlet allowing a gas-liquid mixture from a gas-liquid ejector unit to flow inside the hollow cylindrical cavitation chamber for breaking of gas bubbles and further to a jet dispersing unit through an orifice of second partition for additional dispersing and homogenization. The jet dispersing unit comprises a hollow cylindrical dispersing chamber attached to the second partition and communicates with the injection well through an outlet located at the top cover of the cylindrical housing. In addition, the hollow cylindrical dispersing chamber has at least one outlet channel and a hollow dip at the bottom of the hollow cylindrical dispersing chamber.

Method and apparatus for enhanced oil recovery by injection of a micro-dispersed gas-liquid mixture into the oil-bearing formation

The liquid preferably is a body of liquid in a container. A liquid is forced through a converging-diverging nozzle towards a nearby resonator cavity, and the gas is introduced into the flowing liquid before it reaches the cavity. Preferably, the nozzle and resonator cavity both are immersed in the body of liquid. Intimate contact between the gas and liquid results from the tiny gas bubbles which are produced in the liquid body by this device and method.

Robert E Schurig

Papers

Pressure wave atomizing apparatus