Systems, devices and methods are provided for viewing a pattern of fluorophors capable of fluorescing when exposed to visible light, e.g., fluorescently stained DNA, protein or other biological material. The system includes a light source (10) emitting light in the visible spectrum, such as a fluorescent lamp used in domestic lighting, a first optical filter (30) capable of transmitting light from the source at wavelengths capable of exciting the fluorophors and of absorbing light of other wavelengths, and a second optical filter (60) capable of blocking substantially all the light from the source not blocked by the first filter, so that the only light reaching the viewer is light produced by fluorescence of the fluorophors.

Fluorometric detection using visible light

Dispositif et procede d'analyse de specimens de gemmes. Apparatus and method of gems specimen analysis. Dans le mode de realisation ci-decrit, une petite enceinte (12) comprend une lampe a decharge (21) servant de source de rayonnement d'energie electromagnetique sur un spectre etendu de longueurs d'ondes. In the embodiment described below, a small chamber (12) comprises a discharge lamp (21) serving as a source of electromagnetic energy radiation over a broad spectrum of wavelengths. Un specimen de gemmes (G) est place dans un petit tiroir (19) qui, lorsqu'il est ferme, devient une chambre optiquement etanche en communication avec la source de radiation (21). A specimen of gems (G) is placed in a small slide (19) which, when closed, becomes an optically sealed chamber in communication with the radiation source (21). Egalement lors de la fermeture, un mecanisme obturateur mecanique (58-62) permet l'alignement entre la source de radiation (21), le specimen de gemme (G) et un detecteur a photocellules (71) qui detecte la radiation emise par le specimen de gemme (G) en tant que resultat de son interaction avec le spectre de longueurs d'ondes emises par la source de radiation (21). Also at the closing, a mechanical shutter mechanism (58-62) allows the alignment between the radiation source (21), rock specimen (G) and a photoelectric detector (71) which detects the radiation emitted by the gem specimen (G) as a result of its interaction with the wavelength spectrum emitted by the radiation source (21). Cette interaction comprend les processus combines de transmission et d'absorption par le specimen de gemme de la radiation emise par la source, de reflexion interne et d'excitation interne (par exemple de fluorescence), ce dernier processus produisant un decalage de frequence vers un spectre d'enegie plus etroit que celui pouvant etre detecte specifiquement par le detecteur a photocellules (71). This interaction includes the combined process of transmission and absorption by the specimen gem of the radiation emitted by the source, internal reflection and internal field (for example fluorescence), the latter process produces a frequency offset to a enegie spectrum narrower than can be specifically detected by the photoelectric detector (71). La sortie du detecteur a photocellules (71) est constitue par un signal analogique qui est traite par des circuits electroniques (Fig. 11-16) de l'une de deux manieres. The output of the photoelectric detector (71) is constituted by an analog signal which is processed by electronic circuits (Fig. 11-16) in one of two ways. Le signal est d'abord numerise au moyen d'un convertisseur analogique/numerique (91) et est affiche sous forme d'un affichage numerique (96). The signal is first digitized by means of an analog / digital converter (91) and is displayed as a numerical display (96). De la deuxieme maniere, le signal analogique est compare a un ou plusieurs groupes de valeurs de reference correspondant a differentes especes de gemmes. In the second way, the analog signal is compared with one or more reference values ​​corresponding to groups of different species of gems. Si le signal analogique se situe a l'interieur d'une premiere gamme arbitraire de valeur, on determine que la gemme est "naturelle". If the analog signal is within a first range of arbitrary value, it is determined that the gem is "natural". Si le signal se situe dans une deuxieme gamme arbitraire, on determine que la gemme est "synthetique". If the signal is in a second arbitrary range, it is determined that the gem is "synthetic". Une valeur comprise dans une gamme se situant entre la premiere et la deuxieme gammes indique une gemme d'origine indeterminee ou bien un A value within a range of between the first and second ranges indicates a gem of unknown origin or a

Method and apparatus for analyzing gems

An indexing fixture with many seats can be rotated in such a way as to present in each succeeding time interval a different seat at a reader. An electronic processing unit can control, under the control of a keyboard, different sequences of presentation of said seats of the indexing fixture and different modes of presentation of the detected data on an optical display, a graphic recorder and a magnetic recorder.

Apparatus for densitometric measurement of proteic fractions separated by electrophoresis

A microscope-based system and method for simultaneous imaging of several object planes, of a three-dimensional (3D) sample, associated with different depths throughout the sample. The system includes a polyfocal optical portion, adapted to create a plurality of optical channels each of which is associated with an image of a corresponding object plane, and a spectrally-selective portion, adapted to transform the spectral distribution of the image-forming beam of light to a corresponding spatial distribution. The image, registered by a detector, includes an image of an object plane and an image of the spatially-coded spectral distribution. The method effectuates the simultaneous multispectral imaging of the several object planes. The required data-acquisition time is several fold shorter than that taken by a conventional multispectral microscope-based imaging system.

Polyfocal interferometric image acquisition

An electrical generator comprising a stator having stator windings and a rotor having rotor windings. The rotor and the rotor windings extend about the stator windings. The rotor includes an annular rotor housing. On an inside of the rotor housing are mounted the rotor windings. The stator includes an end member with a central member extending therefrom. The stator windings are mounted on the central member. The stator also includes an annular stator housing that extends about the central member, including the stator windings, and the rotor. The end member attaches to the stator housing thereby positioning the stator windings in a central location. The stator housing and the end member enclose the stator windings and the rotor windings therein. The rotor housing further includes a rotor mounting member on an end. The stator housing includes a stator mounting member on an end thereof, and a stator windings mounting member on an opposite end. The stator windings include an exciter field winding and a generator armature winding. The rotor windings include an exciter armature winding and a generator field winding. The exciter armature winding is disposed radially outwardly from and adjacent to the exciter field winding. The generator field winding is disposed radially outwardly from and adjacent to the exciter armature winding.

Electrical machine having centrally disposed stator

An automatic recording fluorometer/densitometer has an integral viewer for viewing and photographing fluorescent samples which have been applied to a clear, thin-film substrate. Light from an ultraviolet source is on the opposite side of the sample from the viewer when the sample is placed in a viewer holder. When the sample is placed in a recording holder, light from the same source is on the opposite side of the sample from the recorder optics. By having the source on the opposite side from the optics, it is possible to have the source much closer to the sample and to thereby reduce the stray ultraviolet light in the instrument. Another source emits visible light for densitometric analysis of the sample. A movable filter holder can be indexed to different positions for placing an ultraviolet filter or one of the densitometric filters in the optical path between the sources and the recording device.

Automatic recording fluorometer/densitometer

Disclosed is an optical system for dividing a single optical image into two or more geometrically identical images which are contiguous and coplanar in space and which have the same magnification. A beam splitter and a fold mirror divide the original optical path into a first optical path which forms an image from light passing through the beam splitter and a second optical path which forms an image from light reflected from the beam splitter and fold mirror. A displacement block is inserted into the second optical path to move the image plane away from the fold mirror and cause the images formed from the first and second paths to become coplanar. The displacement block is mounted so that it can rotate about two axes so that one image can be positioned precisely adjacent to the other image. By forming the block from two glasses having different absorption characteristics light in the second path is adjustably attenuated.

Robert F. Adrion

Papers

Automatic recording fluorometer/densitometer

Attenuating image extender for multiple imaging system