世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

การวจยเชงคณภาพ เปนเครองมอสำคญอยางหนงสำหรบทำความเขาใจสงคมและพฤตกรรมมนษย การวจยแบบการสรางทฤษฎจากขอมล กเปนหนงในหลายระเบยบวธการวจยเชงคณภาพทกำลงไดรบความสนใจ และเปนทนยมเพมสงขนเรอยๆ จากนกวชาการ และนกวจยในสาขาสงคมศาสตร และศาสตรอนๆ เชน พฤตกรรมศาสตร สงคมวทยา สาธารณสขศาสตร พยาบาลศาสตร จตวทยาสงคม ศกษาศาสตร รฐศาสตร และสารสนเทศศกษา ดงนน หนงสอเรอง “ConstructingGrounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis” หรอ “การสรางทฤษฎจากขอมล:แนวทางการปฏบตผานการวเคราะหเชงคณภาพ” จะชวยใหผอานมความรความเขาใจถงพฒนาการของปฏบตการวจยแบบสรางทฤษฎจากขอมล ตลอดจนแนวทาง และกระบวนการปฏบตการวจยอยางเปนระบบ จงเปนหนงสอทควรคาแกการอานโดยเฉพาะนกวจยรนใหม เพอเปนแนวทางในการนำความรความเขาใจไประยกตในงานวจยของตน อกทงนกวจยผเชยวชาญสามารถอานเพอขยายมโนทศนดานวจยใหกวางขวางขน

Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis

Recent thinking about top management has been influenced by alternative models of man.1 Economic approaches to governance such as agency theory tend to assume some form of homo-economicus, which depict subordinates as individualistic, opportunistic, and self-serving. Alternatively, sociological and psychological approaches to governance such as stewardship theory depict subordinates as collectivists, pro-organizational, and trustworthy. Through this research, we attempt to reconcile the differences between these assumptions by proposing a model based upon the subordinate's psychological attributes and the organization's situational characteristics.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/259223.pdf

Toward a stewardship theory of management

World Investment Report

This article summarizes the patterns of firm entry, growth, and exit in the four-digit U.S. manufacturing industries over the period 1963-1982. Entrants are disaggregated into new firms, existing firms that diversify into an industry by opening new production facilities, and existing firms that enter by altering the mix of outputs they produce in their existing plants. We examine the relative importance of different types of entrants, the persistence of industry entry and exit patterns over time, the correlation between industry entry and exit rates, and the postentry performance of entrants.

Patterns of Firm Entry and Exit in U.S. Manufacturing Industries

Purpose – To review empirical contributions to the small business growth literature since the mid‐1990s.Design/methodology/approach – Narrative review of the literature using the framework adopted in previous reviews: management strategies; characteristics of the entrepreneur; environment/industry factors; and firm characteristics.Findings – The absence of any unifying theory means that the literature continues to feature a wide range of growth measures and model specifications. As a result of this, knowledge development appears fragmented rather than cumulative. New theoretical perspectives are needed if we are to develop our understanding of the growth process in small businesses.Research limitations/implications – Alternative types of research are suggested that focus on small business growth as a process rather than an episode. Future research needs to adopt multiple measures of growth and, more importantly, be based on theory longitudinal in scope but idiosyncratic in its focus. Empirical work should...

Small business growth: recent evidence and new directions

A review article on the determinants of export performance seeking
to extend the pioneering work of Aaby and Slater (1989). Applies the
meta‐analytic vote‐counting method to a set of 100 studies of export
performance published during 1978 to 1991. Identifies those elements of
Aaby and Slater′s “strategic export model” which are
significant and provides confidence intervals for the effect size of the
most frequently studied variables.

Firm‐level Determinants of Export Performance: A Meta‐analysis

Small owner‐managed firms typically operate with levels of debt, much of it short‐term, which are higher than those found in large companies. This paper investigates the financing preferences of a cross‐section of small firm owners. The findings support the view that the financing decisions of small firm owners are based on a demand‐side packing order of finance types. The resulting financial structures reflect a desire to minimise intrusion into the firms and are not entirely the consequence of persistent deficiencies in the provision of finance to small firms.

The financing preferences of small firm owners

AN important role of independent small firms is often asserted to be to function as the 'seedbed' for new enterprises capable of challenging established businesses. The authors bring original data to bear on this, suggesting a workable definition of what constitutes a seedbed; measuring its industrial incidence; and defining the part played by independent firms in it. The study reveals substantial variation in the level of such activity among manufacturing industries. It is shown that seedbed activity is essentially innovative (the precursor of new industries) rather than a source of increased rivalry within existing industries. Conclusions are drawn about small firms policy, in particular that government aid for small business should be aimed more at reducing death rates among small firms.

Robert T. Hamilton

Papers

Small business growth: recent evidence and new directions

Firm‐level Determinants of Export Performance: A Meta‐analysis

The financing preferences of small firm owners

Small Firms' Seedbed Role and the Concept of Turbulence

Ownership and diversification: agency theory or stewardship theory