Disclosed is an animal litter that includes a palm oil residue, possibly in combination with another absorbent material such as whole ground grain, virgin germ, seed meal, spent germ or clay. The palm oil residue may be palm kernel cake, palm oil sludge, or palm pressed fiber. Also disclosed are a method for removing animal waste and a process for preparing an animal litter. The method for removal of animal waste includes allowing an animal to excrete waste into a container that includes a litter, the litter comprising a palm oil residue. The process for preparing an animal litter comprises combining the materials that make up the litter to form the litter.

Animal litter, process for preparing animal litter, and method of removal of animal waste

Disclosed embodiments relate to compositions and methods for using a composite particulate comprising a cellulosic fiber and a filler as a lost-circulation material. An example of a method of controlling lost circulation in a subterranean method, comprises contacting a subterranean formation with a fluid comprising a base fluid and a lost circulation material, wherein the lost circulation material comprises a composite particulate, and wherein the composite particulate comprises a cellulosic fiber and a filler. An example method of cementing comprises introducing a cement composition into a well bore penetrating a subterranean formation, wherein the cement compositions comprises a cement, water, and a lost-circulation material, and wherein the lost-circulation material comprises a lost-circulation material, and wherein the lost-circulation material comprises a cellulosic fiber and a filler. Example compositions include lost-circulation materials, treatment fluids and cement compositions.

Methods and Compositions Utilizing Lost-Circulation Materials Comprising Composite Particulates

A method for creating a particle from a powder according to one embodiment includes applying a droplet of a liquid to a bed of powder, wherein a particle is formed at about a point of contact of the droplet with the bed. A composite particle according to one embodiment includes a liquid-absorbing material and a liquid-induced binding agent substantially homogeneously dispersed in the particle. A composite particle according to yet another embodiment includes a liquid-absorbing material and a byproduct of a liquid-induced gas forming agent substantially homogeneously dispersed in the particle. A composite particle suitable for use as an animal litter according to an embodiment includes a liquid-absorbing material, where the particle has at least one of the following properties: hollow, cupped, and generally bagel shaped. A composite particle in yet another embodiment includes a material formed in a shape substantially defined by a droplet of liquid.

Dry Bed Agglomeration Process and Product Formed Thereby

Litter for cats and small animals often consists of a mixture from dried material of plant origin and an adjuvant that promotes agglomeration when the mixture is exposed to moisture. The invention relates to a novel litter that is characterized in that the dried material of plant origin is present in a particle size range in which the diameters of 80 % of the particles, based on the mass, range from more than 0 νm to less than 1000 νm. The mass sum distribution of the particle size distribution, at least in the range between 50 νm and 1000 νm, is larger than an integrated statistical Gaussian distribution at which the Gaussian distribution is a normal Gaussian distribution with an average value of 100 νm and a standard deviation of 800 νm and at which the particle size distribution deviates by more than 10 % from this statistic Gaussian distribution.

Litter for cats and small animals

The invention relates to a polymer-cellulosic fiber composition comprising a polymer, a cellulosic fiber, and a quaternary ammonium alkyl salt wherein the latter imparts antimicrobial properties to the composition and functions as a lubricant during the formation of the composition. The quaternary ammonium alkyl salts may be alkyl carboxylate, alkyl sulfate, alkyl sulphonate, alkyl phosphate, or alkyl phosphite. Certain of the salts are new compositions of matter. The method of extruding and the extrudate are also claimed.

Antimicrobial lubricant for wood fiber-plastic composites

Clumping cellulosic animal litter comprising a cellulosic substrate coated with a first layer of xanthan gum and a second layer of guar gum and a unique method of making such particles by applying water coatings between application of the two gum layers.

Clumping cellulosic animal litter

A method of making a clumping cellulosic animal litter with enhanced clumping rate and improved flushability when spent using cellulosic granules to about 1%-5% by weight of an inner coating of a polyacrylate is first applied and then to which about 1%-4% by weight based on the weight of the granules of an outer coating of guar gum and/or guar gum substitute is applied.

Robert Vernon Wiedenhaft

Papers

Clumping cellulosic animal litter

Method of making clumping cellulosic animal litter