The year 2000 marked both the start of the new millennium and the announcement that the vast majority of the human genome had been sequenced. Much work remains to understand how this “instruction book for human biology” carries out its multitudes of functions. But the consequences for the practice of medicine are likely to be profound. Genetic prediction of individual risks of disease and responsiveness to drugs will reach the medical mainstream in the next decade or so. The development of designer drugs, based on a genomic approach to targeting molecular pathways that are disrupted in disease, will follow soon after. Potential misuses of genetic information, such as discrimination in obtaining health insurance and in the workplace, will need to be dealt with swiftly and effectively. Genomic medicine holds the ultimate promise of revolutionizing the diagnosis and treatment of many illnesses.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/193524/jsc00413.pdf

Implications of the Human Genome Project for medical science.

New discoveries reveal how crucial interactions which determine our destiny occur before birth, when our genes interact with their environment as the embryo and fetus develop. These processes - in the matrix of the womb - are evolutionary echoes of mechanisms which allowed our hunter-gatherer ancestors to survive. These exciting insights into predictive adaptive responses suggest new ways of protecting the health of the fetus, infant and adult. If inappropriate they can trigger obesity, diabetes and heart disease, formerly thought to result solely from adult lifestyle. The new concepts in this book are crucial to understanding the daunting public health burden in societies undergoing rapid transition from poverty to affluence. They add an important new dimension to evolutionary theory. Synthesising developmental biology, evolutionary history, medical science, public health and social policy, this is a ground-breaking and fascinating account by two of the world's leading pioneers in this important emerging field.

https://bilder.buecher.de/zusatz/21/21302/21302478_vorw_1.pdf

The Fetal Matrix: Evolution, Development and Disease

This meta-analysis of 62 studies (N=17,767 adopted children) examined whether the cognitive development of adopted children differed from that of (a) children who remained in institutional care or in the birth family and (b) their current (environmental) nonadopted siblings or peers. Adopted children scored higher on IQ tests than their nonadopted siblings or peers who stayed behind, and their school performance was better. Adopted children did not differ from their nonadopted environmental peers or siblings in IQ, but their school performance and language abilities lagged behind, and more adopted children developed learning problems. Taken together, the meta-analyses document the positive impact of adoption on the children's cognitive development and their remarkably normal cognitive competence but delayed school performance.

/pdf/adoption-and-cognitive-development-a-meta-analytic-1ye5agh4a0.pdf

Adoption and cognitive development: a meta-analytic comparison of adopted and nonadopted children's IQ and school performance.

Background: Adopted children have been said to be difficult children, scarred by their past experiences in maltreating families or neglecting orphanages, or by genetic or pre- and perinatal problems. Is (domestic or international) adoption an effective intervention in the developmental domains of physical growth, attachment security, cognitive development and school achievement, self-esteem, and behaviour problems? Method: Through a series of meta-analyses on more than 270 studies that include more than 230,000 adopted and non-adopted children and their parents an adoption catch-up model was tested. Results: Although catch-up with current peers was incomplete in some developmental domains (in particular, physical growth and attachment), adopted children largely outperformed their peers left behind. Adoptions before 12 months of age were associated with more complete catch-up than later adoptions for height, attachment, and school achievement. International adoptions did not lead to lower rates of catch-up than domestic adoptions in most developmental domains. Conclusions: It is concluded that adoption is an effective intervention leading to massive catch-up. Domestic and international adoptions can be justified on ethical grounds if no other solutions are available. Humans are adapted to adopt, and adoption demonstrates the plasticity of child development. Keywords: Adoption, meta-analysis, catch-up, developmental plasticity, ethics, growth, attachment, behaviour problems, brain damage, malnutrition, residential care, resilience, self-esteem. Adoption may be defined as the permanent, legal placement of an abandoned, relinquished or orphaned child within a family of relatives (kinship adoption) or within an unrelated family (non-kinship adoption). Selman (2005) estimated the number of children adopted across the borders of countries (international, mostly non-kinship adoption) to be at least 40,000 in 2003, which is an increase of 100% since the late eighties. The number of adoptions within countries (domestic adoptions) is harder to estimate. In the USA alone, 120,000 children are adopted annually, their total number amounting to

The Emanuel Miller Memorial Lecture 2006: Adoption as intervention. Meta-analytic evidence for massive catch-up and plasticity in physical, socio-emotional, and cognitive development

As new media proliferate and the public's trust and engagement in science are influenced by industry involvement in academic research, an interdisciplinary workshop provides some recommendations to enhance science communication

Science communication reconsidered.

As recently as a generation ago, being adopted seemed no different from being raised by one's birth family. In recent years, however, studies have shown that being adopted can color many aspects of the adoptee's life. This ground-breaking book uses the voices of adoptees to trace the experience over a lifetime.

Being Adopted: The Lifelong Search for Self

The Monk in the Garden: The Lost and Found Genius of Gregor Mendel, the Father of Genetics

This is the official text for the National Association of Science Writers. In the eight years since the publication of the first edition of A Field Guide for Science Writing, much about the world has changed. Some of the leading issues in today's political marketplace - embryonic stem cell research, global warming, health care reform, space exploration, genetic privacy, germ warfare - are informed by scientific ideas. Never has it been more crucial for the lay public to be scientifically literate. That's where science writers come in. And that's why it's time for an update to the Field Guide, already a staple of science writing graduate programs across the country. The academic community has recently recognized how important it is for writers to become more sophisticated, knowledgeable, and skeptical about what the write. More than 50 institutions now offer training in science writing. In addition mid-career fellowships for science writers are growing, giving journalists the chance to return to major developments, and hope to be part of them with this new edition of the Field Guide. In A Field Guide for Science Writers, 2nd Edition, the editors have assembled contributions from a collections of experienced journalists who are every bit as stellar as the group that contributed to the first edition. In the end, what we have are essays written by the very best in the science writing profession. These wonderful writers have written not only about style, but about content, too. These leaders in the profession describe how they work their way through the information glut to find the gems worth writing about. We also have chapters that provide the tools every good science writer needs: how to use statistics, how to weigh the merits of conflicting studies in scientific literature, how to report about risk. And, untimately, how to write.

A field guide for science writers

Prologue: Monster in a Test Tube Part One: Ex Ovo Omnia 1. Room Temperature 2. The Dance of Love 3. Laughingstock 4. Out of Control 5. Fits and Starts 6. Laboratory Ghouls Part Two: The Modern Prometheus 7. Toward Happily Ever After 8. Baby Dreams 9. Science on Hold 10. The First One 11. A Baby Clone 12. Hang On Part Three: Test Tube Death Trial 13. Fooling Mother Nature 14. Pandora's Baby 15. Normality 16. Prometheus Unbound 17. Verdict Part Four: Not Meant To Be Known 18. Right to Life 19. Opening Pandora's Box 20. Tables Turned 21. From Monstrous to Mundane 22. Pandora's Clone 23. Mixed Blessings Notes Selected Readings Acknowledgments Index

Pandora's baby : how the first test tube babies sparked the reproductive revolution

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Robin Marantz Henig

Papers

Being Adopted: The Lifelong Search for Self

The Monk in the Garden: The Lost and Found Genius of Gregor Mendel, the Father of Genetics

A field guide for science writers

Pandora's baby : how the first test tube babies sparked the reproductive revolution

A Field Guide for Science Writers - The Official Guide of the National Association of Science Writers