Roger R. Rosa

TL;DR: Work time, travel time, and time for socializing, relaxing, and leisure are the primary activities reciprocally related to sleep time among Americans and may be confounding the frequently observed association between short and long sleep and morbidity and mortality.

TL;DR: The studies examined in this review indicate that the MSL is sensitive to conditions expected to increase sleepiness and shows appropriate change from initial testing to subsequent testing following treatment or manipulations intended to alter sleepiness or alertness.

TL;DR: It is concluded that extended workshift schedules should be instituted cautiously and evaluated carefully, with appropriate attention given to staffing levels, workload, job rotation, environmental exposures, emergency contingencies, rest breaks, commuting time, and social or domestic responsibilities.

TL;DR: A framework is proposed for long work hours, including determinants, outcomes, and moderating factors of long workhours, suggesting that studies need to include more clear and complete descriptions of work schedules, worker characteristics, and the work environment and consider a wider range of possible health, safety, social and economic outcomes.

TL;DR: The study shows that a nap shorter than 1 h is able to improve alertness to a certain extent during the first night shift and improved the ability to respond to visual signals during the second half of the night shift.