This comparative longitudinal study of Andy Grove's tenure as Intel Corporation's CEO (1987-1998) documents how he moved Intel's strategy-making process from an internal ecology model to the classical rational actor model. His creation of a highly successful strategy vector pursued through an extremely focused induced strategy process led to co-evolutionary-lock-in with the PC market segment. Intra-company analysis of four new business development cases highlights the inertial consequences of co-evolutionary lock-in. The paper examines implications of co-evolutionary lock-in for long-term organizational adaptation in terms of its effect on balancing induced and autonomous strategy processes and exploitation and exploration in organizational learning.

Strategy as Vector and the Inertia of Co-evolutionary Lock-in

Scholarship in the entrepreneurship and marketing literatures has helped advance thinking about how health care organizations create value for companies and consumers. However, there is an ongoing need for empirical research; hence, the purpose of this paper is to examine how entrepreneurial orientation and customer orientation influence healthcare (retail pharmacy) industry performance.,Using a sample of the US retail pharmacies, the study applies partial least squares structural equation modeling to identify the direct and indirect effects of the entrepreneurial orientation constructs on company performance. The study also includes importance–performance analyses to prioritize for managers which orientations, dimensions and respective manifest items merit the most critical attention as contributors to pharmacy performance.,We find that the entrepreneurial orientation has a significant impact on customer orientation and company effectiveness. We also find that three dimensions – innovation, risk-taking, and proactiveness – exhibit stronger importance and performance than autonomy and competitive aggressiveness.,While the present study employs data from firms of various sizes, it is limited to firms in the pharmacy industry. Although this study included established EO measures, one of the risk taking items was dropped from the final analysis. In certain research contexts, this result may or may not be consequential. Finally, this study employed nonfinancial measures for measuring performance. Using such measures is not uncommon and can offer insightful linkages to long-term organizational strategies in ways not afforded by conventional financial measures (Ittner and Larcker 2000); however, future research should, if possible, aim to capture financial and nonfinancial data.,In the dynamic healthcare environment, entrepreneurial pharmacies that have the ability to innovate, take risks and be proactive can provide superior customer orientation and hence better performance.,Health care industry in general and pharmacies in particular have to be entrepreneurial to meet customer needs and hence the wellbeing of the society With the aging population and growth of complex diseases, pharmacies can provide better access to care delivery if they have entrepreneurial orientation.,In this study, partial least square modeling technique along with importance performance analysis was adopted for first time in this literature to identify key factors that contribute to EO. The findings will aid pharmacy managers to focus their initiatives on the three key dimensions to succeed in their retail pharmacy business.

Entrepreneurial orientation: Its importance and performance as a driver of customer orientation and company effectiveness among retail pharmacies

Passion and perseverance as two new dimensions of an Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation scale

Intellectual capital, entrepreneurial orientation, and technical innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2340944420941438

The effect of socioemotional wealth on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and family business performance

A content adequate five-dimensional Entrepreneurial Orientation scale

This study examines the Indian health insurance market by empirically observing the provider’s perceptions and its relationship with the insured, the insurer and the third party administrators (TPA...

Health Insurance in India—A Study of Provider’s Perceptions in Delhi & the NCR:

Conceptualizing Corporate Entrepreneurship Capability and Its Linkages Towards Firm Performance

This study provides strategic insights and a business model perspective on health insurance as a vehicle for financing healthcare. It uses both primary (expert interview) and secondary data to inve...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/02560909211027089

Health Insurance as a Healthcare Financing Mechanism in India: Key Strategic Insights and a Business Model Perspective:

There is little empirical evidence on the issue of whether the relationship strength in entrepreneurial networks (RSENs) facilitates tacit knowledge transfer (TKT), and if so, whether incubator/accelerator affiliation affects the relationship between RSENs and TKT. The purpose of this paper is to understand how the startups affiliated to incubator/accelerator (private/public/private-public) are able to improve their innovation capability. This study examines various relationships within the empirical context of Indian manufacturing and service startups. We empirically provide some evidence that formal RSEN influences the extent of TKT, and hence, the innovation capability. The results support that startups in formal entrepreneurial networks gain more if they have public-private incubator/accelerator affiliation. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to link RSENs to the TKT in the national system of innovation literature. This study also contributes to our understanding of entrepreneurial networks in a non-Western context, i.e., India. In terms of practical implication, it is not only entrepreneurial networks that play an important role in TKT, but also their relationship strength. Hence, we argue that TKT in entrepreneurial networks may be a source of critical competitive advantage for startups in the 21st century. In addition, results provide implication for developing relationship with the members in networks for tacit knowledge. These implications have the potential to direct the policy initiatives.

https://archive.aessweb.com/index.php/5002/article/download/1620/2370

Rohit Kumar

Papers

A content adequate five-dimensional Entrepreneurial Orientation scale

Health Insurance in India—A Study of Provider’s Perceptions in Delhi & the NCR:

Conceptualizing Corporate Entrepreneurship Capability and Its Linkages Towards Firm Performance

Health Insurance as a Healthcare Financing Mechanism in India: Key Strategic Insights and a Business Model Perspective:

Entrepreneurial Networks and Knowledge Transfer: The Moderating Role of Incubator/Accelerator Affiliation