Roland Billard

TL;DR: This chapter discusses that the gonads potentiality to produce steroids, and the regulation of the syntheses; and the actual physiological role of gonadal steroids in fish is discussed with emphasis on gametogenesis.

TL;DR: Motility requires a high dilution for initiation of synchronous motility in 100% of spermatozoa; a two-step procedure is necessary, with an initial dilution of 1 to 100 in a medium that keeps the spermatozosa immotile and allows good mixing of the viscous semen.

TL;DR: In teleost fish, the whole of the processes involved in the formation of spermatozoa and their release and in fecundation are extremely diverse and two main types of testicular structure are distinguished : a tubular and a lobular.

TL;DR: The basic work on carp sperm is reviewed, the technologies of artificial insemination are described and the sperm is of a primitive type with uncondensed chromatin and a small midpiece and motility depends mainly on endogenous ATP stores.

TL;DR: The quality of frozen-thawed semen was evaluated using previously standardized biotests, such as a two-step motility activation technique adapted for the different species and fertilization assays using a discriminating insemination technique.