The invention relates to a radiation-emitting GaN-based semiconductor element whose semiconductor body is formed by a stack of different GaN semiconductor layers (1). Said semiconductor body has a first main surface (3) and a second main surface (4). The radiation that is produced is coupled out through the first main surface (3) while a reflector (6) is configured on the second main surface (4). The invention also relates to a method for producing an inventive semiconductor element. According to this method, an intermediate layer (9) is first applied to a substrate (8) and a plurality of GaN layers (1) which form the semiconductor body of the component are then applied to said intermediate layer. The substrate (8) and the intermediate layer (9) are then removed and a reflector (6) is formed on a main surface of the semiconductor body.

Radiation-emitting semiconductor element and method for producing the same

An antenna system includes an antenna feed aligned with a subreflector and a main reflector. The subreflector has a concave surface defining a vertex. A main reflector having a concave surface is aligned with the subreflector to define an antenna focal area at the vertex of the subreflector. The antenna feed may be a phased array or fixed antenna feed. The antenna system may further include a controller cooperating with the phased array antenna feed for beamsteering or beamforming. The controller may cooperate with the phased array antenna feed to define and steer multiple beams, at different frequencies, for example.

Dual reflector antenna and associated methods

Deployable antenna systems 10, 10a for use on a spacecraft 20 that is moveable from a stowed position to a deployed position. Two embodiments are discloded that include one or two sets of main reflector assembly 16 (and optional adjustment mechanism 18) and subreflectors 17. The antenna systems include one or more feed horn assembly 11 fixedly attached to the spacecraft and a rotatable hinge 12 attached to the spacecraft. A substantially rigid reflector support structure 13 is attached to the hinge and rotates about a hinge axis. The main reflector assembly 16 (and optional adjustment mechanism 18) is attached to a lower portion 14 of the support structure and the subreflector is attached to an upper portion 15 of the support structure. The subreflector has a fixed relation relative to the main reflector assembly and has a fixed relation relative to the one or more feed horn assembly when the antenna system is in the deployed position so that the antenna systems generate predetermined beam coverage patterns.

Main reflector and subreflector deployment and storage systems

An LED chip comprising an electrically conductive and radioparent substrate, in which the epitaxial layer sequence ( 3 ) is provided on substantially the full area of its p-side ( 9 ) with a reflective, bondable p-contact layer ( 6 ). The substrate ( 2 ) is provided on its main surface ( 10 ) facing away from the epitaxial layer sequence ( 3 ) with a contact metallization ( 7 ) that covers only a portion of said main surface ( 10 ), and the decoupling of light from the chip ( 1 ) takes place via a bare region of the main surface ( 10 ) of the substrate ( 2 ) and via the chip sides ( 14 ). A further LED chip has epitaxial layers only. The p-type epitaxial layer ( 5 ) is provided on substantially the full area of the main surface ( 9 ) facing away from the n-conductive epitaxial layer ( 4 ) with a reflective, bondable p-contact layer ( 6 ), and the n-conductive epitaxial layer ( 4 ) is provided on its main surface facing away from the p-conductive epitaxial layer ( 5 ) with an n-contact layer ( 7 ) that covers only a portion of said main surface ( 8 ). The decoupling of light from the chip ( 1 ) takes place via the bare region of the main surface ( 8 ) of the n-conductive epitaxial layer ( 4 ) and via the chip sides ( 14 ).

Light emitting-diode chip and a method for producing same

A method and apparatus are provided for transceiving signals. The method includes the steps of providing a secondary reflector within a focal region of a main reflector in a relative spatial relationship where a first radio frequency signal processed by a first radio frequency radiator adjacent the secondary reflector is reflected from both the secondary and main reflectors and providing a second radio frequency radiator in a aperture of the secondary reflector so that a second radio frequency signal processed by the second radio frequency transceiver is reflected from the main antenna along a path that is substantially coaxial with the first radio frequency signal.

Co-located antenna design

An antenna system comprising a feed array, a subreflector and a main reflector which are oriented to define a folded optics antenna geometry The feed array is comprised of a plurality of separate feeds which are aligned on a predetermined contour Each feed is coupled to a feed network which acts to combine the illumination beams of a preselected number of feeds to produce a plurality of composite illumination beams Each composite illumination beam is directed to be incident upon a separate predetermined location on the subreflector which directs the illumination beams towards the main reflector Each composite illumination beam is reflected by the main reflector in a preselected direction so that each composite illumination beam forms an antenna beam that impinges a predetermined coverage area on the Earth Each antenna beam defines a separate coverage cell in the coverage area, wherein the position and orientation of the feeds, the subreflector and the main reflector provides adjacent, antenna beams over a full Earth field of view coverage area where each antenna beam is approximately symmetrically shaped

Romulo F. J. Broas

Papers

A compact folded optics antenna system for providing adjacent, high gain antenna beams