https://users.encs.concordia.ca/~ymzhang/publications/ARC32-2-98Zhang_pp.229-252.pdf

Bibliographical review on reconfigurable fault-tolerant control systems

Much previous work in artificial intelligence has neglected representing time in all its complexity. In particular, it has neglected continuous change and the indeterminacy of the future. To rectify this, I have developed a first-order temporal logic, in which it is possible to name and prove things about facts, events, plans, and world histories. In particular, the logic provides analyses of causality, continuous change in quantities, the persistence of facts (the frame problem), and the relationship between tasks and actions. It may be possible to implement a temporal-inference machine based on this logic, which keeps track of several “maps” of a time line, one per possible history.

A Temporal Logic for Reasoning about Processes and Plans.

Summary This paper examines the role of the human driver as the primary control element within the traditional driver-vehicle system. Lateral and longitudinal control tasks such as path-following, obstacle avoidance, and headway control are examples of steering and braking activities performed by the human driver. Physical limitations as well as various attributes that make the human driver unique and help to characterize human control behavior are described. Example driver models containing such traits and that are commonly used to predict the performance of the combined driver-vehicle system in lateral and longitudinal control tasks are identified.

/pdf/understanding-and-modeling-the-human-driver-4i18rkrqa9.pdf

Understanding and modeling the human driver.

This article describes vehicle control issues that must be faced in designing a fully automated highway system (AHS). In particular, requirements for a control system architecture as well as issues of lateral and longitudinal "platoon" control are addressed. Interest in AHS is clearly expanding at a rapid pace due to the ever-increasing problems of freeway congestion and the potential for a technological solution. The approach described is based on five years of research as part of the California PATH program. >

Control issues in automated highway systems

Fault tolerant control using sliding modes with on-line control allocation ☆

A unified theory for aircraft handling qualities and adverse aircraft-pilot coupling or pilot-induced oscillations is introduced. The theory is based on a structural model of the human pilot. A methodology is presented for the prediction of (1) handling qualities levels; (2) pilot-induced oscillation rating levels; and (3) a frequency range in which pilot-induced oscillations are likely to occur. Although the dynamics of the force-feel system of the cockpit inceptor is included, the methodology will not account for effects attributable to control sensitivity and is limited to single-axis tasks and, at present, to linear vehicle models. The theory is derived from the feedback topology of the structural model and an examination of flight test results for 32 aircraft configurations simulated by the U.S. Air Force/CALSPAN NT-33A and Total In-Flight Simulator variable stability aircraft. An extension to nonlinear vehicle dynamics such as that encountered with actuator saturation is discussed.

/pdf/unified-theory-for-aircraft-handling-qualities-and-adverse-4iqn64im56.pdf

Unified Theory for Aircraft Handling Qualities and Adverse Aircraft-Pilot Coupling

Sliding mode control is applied to the design of a flight control system capable of operating with limited bandwidth actuators and in the presence of significant damage to the airframe and/or control effector actuators. Although inherently robust, sliding mode control algorithms have been hampered by their sensitivity to the effects of parasitic unmodeled dynamics, such as those associated with actuators and structural modes. It is known that asymptotic observers can alleviate this sensitivity while still allowing the system to exhibit significant robustness. This approach is demonstrated. The selection of the sliding manifold as well as the interpretation of the linear design that results after introduction of a boundary layer is accomplished in the frequency domain. The design technique is exercised on a pitch-axis controller for a simple short-period model of the High Angle of Attack F-18 vehicle via computer simulation. Stability and performance is compared to that of a system incorporating a controller designed by classical loop-shaping techniques.

/pdf/sliding-mode-control-applied-to-reconfigurable-flight-4y7cz78lsu.pdf

Sliding Mode Control Applied to Reconfigurable Flight Control Design

The resulting model is shown capable of producing driver/vehicle steering responses which compare favorably with those obtained from driver simulation. The model is simple enough to be used by engineers who may not be manual control specialists. The model contains both preview and compensatory steering dynamics. An analytical technique for vehicle handling qualities assessment is briefly discussed. Driver/ vehicle responses from two driving tasks evaluated in a driver simulator are used to evaluate the overall validity of the driver/vehicle model

A Model of Driver Steering Control Behavior for Use in Assessing Vehicle Handling Qualities

A Generalized Algorithm for Inverse Simulation Applied to Helicopter Maneuvering Flight

Inverse simulation techniques are computational methods that determine the control inputs to a dynamic system that produce desired system outputs. Such techniques can be powerful tools for the analysis of problems associated with maneuvering flight. An algorithm is developed that serves as an efficient inverse simulation tool for analyzing maneuvering flight. As opposed to current inverse simulation methods, which require numerical time differentiation in their implementation, the generalized technique offered is essentially an integration algorithm. Examples of inverse solutions for a large-amplitude aircraft maneuver and a nap-of-the-Earth helicopter maneuver are presented.

Ronald A. Hess

Papers

Unified Theory for Aircraft Handling Qualities and Adverse Aircraft-Pilot Coupling

Sliding Mode Control Applied to Reconfigurable Flight Control Design

A Model of Driver Steering Control Behavior for Use in Assessing Vehicle Handling Qualities

A Generalized Algorithm for Inverse Simulation Applied to Helicopter Maneuvering Flight

Generalized technique for inverse simulation applied to aircraft maneuvers