tical perspective. For instance, there are only three passing references to kuru in a book of 650 pages. This edition reflects the renewed interest in the immunological theories of multiple sclerosis. More than half the text is devoted to Professor Lumsden's analysis of the pathoIogy and, in particular, the chemical pathology of the immune response. There is a great deal of original work devoted to the chemistry and behaviour of the immunoglobulins. Much of this appears in specialist journals and one must be grateful for the critical summary provided here. Professor Lumsden unequivocally sees the key to the problem of multiple sclerosis in the study of its immunochemistry, relegating infection by a virus or a slow virus to a quite subsidiary role. The clinical studies drawing on wide practical experience help to get one's prejudices about the illness onto a more reasoned footing. The section on treatment is still sadly limited. Dr. McAlpine found little to add to the regime which he described in 1955. McAlpine, Lumsden, and Acheson's reappraisal is an essential reference for the practising neurologist and the new edition makes important modification of and changes in emphasis from the edition of 1965.

https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/jnnp/36/5/894.3.full.pdf

The assessment of aphasia and related disorders

This review compared the accuracy of various approaches to the prediction of recidivism among sexual offenders. On the basis of a meta-analysis of 536 findings drawn from 118 distinct samples (45,398 sexual offenders, 16 countries), empirically derived actuarial measures were more accurate than unstructured professional judgment for all outcomes (sexual, violent, or any recidivism). The accuracy of structured professional judgment was intermediate between the accuracy found for the actuarial measures and for unstructured professional judgment. The effect sizes for the actuarial measures were moderate to large by conventional standards (average d values of 0.67-0.97); however, the utility of the actuarial measures will vary according to the referral question and samples assessed. Further research should identify the psychologically meaningfully factors that contribute to risk for reoffending. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).

http://static99.org/pdfdocs/hansonandm-b2009riskassessment.pdf

The accuracy of recidivism risk assessments for sexual offenders: a meta-analysis of 118 prediction studies.

We test whether significant differences in mental illness exist in a matched sample of Mental illness and the criminal justice system. In T. L. Scheid T. N. Brown (Eds.), A handbook for the study of mental health: Social contexts, theories. Find 9780521567633 A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health : Social Contexts, Theories, and Systems by Horwitz et al at over 30 bookstores. Buy, rent. A review of mental health problems in fathers following the birth of a child. for the study of mental health:Social contexts, theories, and systems (2nd ed., pp.

A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health: Social Contexts, Theories, and Systems

In the United States, the incidence rate of new or recurrent stroke is approximately 795 000 per year, and stroke prevalence for individuals over the age of 20 years is estimated at 6.5 million.1 Mortality rates in the first 30 days after stroke have decreased because of advances in emergency medicine and acute stroke care. In addition, there is strong evidence that organized postacute, inpatient stroke care delivered within the first 4 weeks by an interdisciplinary healthcare team results in an absolute reduction in the number of deaths.2,3 Despite these positive achievements, stroke continues to represent the leading cause of long-term disability in Americans: An estimated 50 million stroke survivors worldwide currently cope with significant physical, cognitive, and emotional deficits, and 25% to 74% of these survivors require some assistance or are fully dependent on caregivers for activities of daily living (ADLs).4,5

Notwithstanding the substantial progress in acute stroke care over the past 15 years, the focus of stroke medical advances and healthcare resources has been on acute and subacute recovery phases, which has resulted in substantial health disparities in later phases of stroke care. Additionally, healthcare providers (HCPs) are often unaware of not only patients’ potential for improvement during more chronic recovery phases but also common issues that stroke survivors and their caregivers experience. Furthermore, even with evidence that documents neuroplasticity potential regardless of age and time after stroke,6 the mean lifetime cost of ischemic stroke (which accounts for 87% of all strokes) in the United States is an estimated $140 000 (for inpatient, rehabilitation, and follow-up costs), with 70% of first-year stroke costs attributed to acute inpatient hospital care1; therefore, fewer financial resources appear to be dedicated to providing optimal care during the later phases of stroke recovery.

Because there remains a …

Comprehensive Overview of Nursing and Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Care of the Stroke Patient A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Substantial strides have been made in the field of violence risk assessment. Numerous robust risk factors have been identified and incorporated into structured violence risk assessment instruments. The concepts of violence prevention, management, and treatment have been infused into contemporary thinking on risk assessment. This conceptual development underscores the necessity of identifying, measuring, and monitoring changeable (dynamic) risk factors--the most promising targets for risk reduction efforts. However, empirical investigation of dynamic risk is virtually absent from the literature. In this article, the authors (a) differentiate risk status (interindividual risk level based largely on static risk factors) from risk state (intraindividual risk level determined largely by current status on dynamic risk factors), (b) analyze the relevance of contemporary risk assessment measures for capturing dynamic risk, and (c) distill potentially important dynamic risk factors from the literature in order to facilitate future research. Suggestions for theory development and research design are provided.

VIOLENCE RISK ASSESSMENT: Getting Specific About Being Dynamic

CONTEXT: Mental health courts are growing in popularity as a form of jail diversion for justice system-involved people with serious mental illness This is the first prospective multisite study on mental health courts with treatment and control groups OBJECTIVES: To determine if participation in a mental health court is associated with more favorable criminal justice outcomes than processing through the regular criminal court system and to identify defendants for whom mental health courts produce the most favorable criminal justice outcomes DESIGN: Longitudinal study SETTING: Four mental health courts in San Francisco County, CA, Santa Clara County, CA, Hennepin County (Minneapolis), MN, and Marion County (Indianapolis), IN PARTICIPANTS: A total 447 persons in the mental health court (MHC) and 600 treatment-as-usual (TAU) controls Intervention Eighteen months of pre-entry and postentry data for 4 jurisdictions All subjects were interviewed at baseline, and 70% were interviewed at 6 months Objective outcome data were obtained on all subjects from Federal Bureau of Investigation arrest records, jails, prisons, and community treatment providers MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Annualized rearrest rates, number of rearrests, and postentry incarceration days RESULTS: The MHC and TAU samples are similar on the major outcome measures in the pre-entry 18-month period In the 18 months following treatment, defined as entry into mental health court, the MHC group has a lower annualized rearrest rate, fewer post-18-month arrests, and fewer post-18-month incarceration days than the TAU group The MHC graduates had lower rearrest rates than participants whose participation was terminated both during MHC supervision and after supervision ended Factors associated with better outcomes among the MHC participants include lower pre-18-month arrests and incarceration days, treatment at baseline, not using illegal substances, and a diagnosis of bipolar disorder rather than schizophrenia or depression CONCLUSIONS: Mental health courts meet the public safety objectives of lowering posttreatment arrest rates and days of incarceration Both clinical and criminal justice factors are associated with better public safety outcomes for MHC participants Language: en

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/articlepdf/211027/yoa05056_167_172.pdf

Effect of Mental Health Courts on Arrests and Jail Days: A Multisite Study

TheMHCandTAUsamplesaresimilaronthemajoroutcomemeasuresinthepre-entry18-monthpe-riod. In the 18 months following treatment, defined asentryintomentalhealthcourt,theMHCgrouphasalowerannualizedrearrestrate,fewerpost–18-montharrests,andfewer post–18-month incarceration days than the TAUgroup.TheMHCgraduateshadlowerrearrestratesthanparticipantswhoseparticipationwasterminatedbothdur-ing MHC supervision and after supervision ended. Fac-torsassociatedwithbetteroutcomesamongtheMHCpar-ticipants include lower pre–18-month arrests andincarceration days, treatment at baseline, not using ille-galsubstances,andadiagnosisofbipolardisorderratherthan schizophrenia or depression.

Effect of Mental Health Courts on Arrests and Jail Days

Using a standardized schedule of questions, this study examined (a) the prevalence of self-report of violent thoughts by patients hospitalized for mental disorders compared with nonpatients, (b) the persistence of violent thoughts after discharge, and (c) the relation between patients' violent thoughts while hospitalized and violent acts within 20 weeks after hospital discharge. About 1/3 of the patients reported thoughts of violence while hospitalized, more than twice the proportion found among nonpatients. Reporting violent thoughts in hospital was significantly related to engaging in violent acts within 20 weeks after discharge for non-White patients, patients without major mental disorder but with substance abuse diagnoses, patients with high symptom severity, and patients whose reports of violent thoughts persisted after discharge. Reporting violent thoughts was significantly related to measures of psychopathy, anger, and impulsiveness.

/pdf/violent-thoughts-and-violent-behavior-following-5budf5pute.pdf

Violent thoughts and violent behavior following hospitalization for mental disorder.

Background and Purpose— Several recent studies have revealed modulation of the left frontal lobe speech areas not only during speech production but also for speech perception. Crucially, the frontal lobe areas highlighted in these studies are the same ones that are involved in nonfluent aphasia. Based on these findings, this study examined the utility of targeting visual speech perception to improve speech production in nonfluent aphasia.

Methods— Ten patients with chronic nonfluent aphasia underwent computerized language treatment utilizing picture–word matching. To examine the effect of visual speech perception on picture naming, 2 treatment phases were compared—one that included matching pictures to heard words and another in which pictures were matched to heard words accompanied by a video of the speaker’s mouth presented on the computer screen.

Results— The results revealed significantly improved picture naming of both trained and untrained items after treatment when it included a visual speech component (ie, seeing the speaker’s mouth). In contrast, the treatment phase in which pictures were only matched to heard words did not result in statistically significant improvement of picture naming.

Conclusions— The findings suggest that focusing on visual speech perception can significantly improve speech production in nonfluent aphasia and may provide an alternative approach to treat a disorder in which speech production seldom improves much in the chronic phase of stroke.

Treating visual speech perception to improve speech production in nonfluent aphasia.

Multiple factors influence voice quality measurements (VQM) obtained during an acoustic voice assessment including: gender, intrasubject variability, microphone, environmental noise (type and level),

/pdf/regression-tree-approach-to-studying-factors-influencing-51a4nc1tun.pdf

Roumen Vesselinov

Papers

Effect of Mental Health Courts on Arrests and Jail Days: A Multisite Study

Effect of Mental Health Courts on Arrests and Jail Days

Violent thoughts and violent behavior following hospitalization for mental disorder.

Treating visual speech perception to improve speech production in nonfluent aphasia.

Regression tree approach to studying factors influencing acoustic voice analysis.