With increasing environmental and ecological concerns due to the use of petroleum-based chemicals and products, the synthesis of fine chemicals and functional materials from natural resources is of great public value. Nanocellulose may prove to be one of the most promising green materials of modern times due to its intrinsic properties, renewability, and abundance. In this review, we present nanocellulose-based materials from sourcing, synthesis, and surface modification of nanocellulose, to materials formation and applications. Nanocellulose can be sourced from biomass, plants, or bacteria, relying on fairly simple, scalable, and efficient isolation techniques. Mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments, or a combination of these, can be used to extract nanocellulose from natural sources. The properties of nanocellulose are dependent on the source, the isolation technique, and potential subsequent surface transformations. Nanocellulose surface modification techniques are typically used to introduce e...

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Nanocellulose, a Versatile Green Platform: From Biosources to Materials and Their Applications

Functionalized Cellulose for Water Purification, Antimicrobial Applications, and Sensors

Nanocellulose, as a promising natural material, has recently received much attention because of its remarkable features including recyclability, biocompatibility, low risk of toxicity, and tunable ...

Production of Nanocellulose and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Critical Review

In recent years, nanocellulose-based antimicrobial materials have attracted a great deal of attention due to their unique and potentially useful features. In this review, several representative types of nanocellulose and modification methods for antimicrobial applications are mainly focused on. Recent literature related with the preparation and applications of nanocellulose-based antimicrobial materials is reviewed. The fabrication of nanocellulose-based antimicrobial materials for wound dressings, drug carriers, and packaging materials is the focus of the research. The most important additives employed in the preparation of nanocellulose-based antimicrobial materials are presented, such as antibiotics, metal, and metal oxide nanoparticles, as well as chitosan. These nanocellulose-based antimicrobial materials can benefit many applications including wound dressings, drug carriers, and packaging materials. Finally, the challenges of industrial production and potentials for development of nanocellulose-based antimicrobial materials are discussed.

Nanocellulose-Based Antibacterial Materials

Preparation of sugarcane bagasse nanocellulose hydrogel as a colourimetric freshness indicator for intelligent food packaging.

Nanocellulose is gaining evident interest from researchers and engineers because of its renewability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, high mechanical strength, abundant hydroxyl groups for potential functionality, and extensive raw materials. Versatile sources are accordingly explored like harvested wood, annual plants, and agricultural residues. However, an abundant shrub plant, Amorpha fruticosa Linn., has not yet been reported for isolating nanocellulose. We accordingly propose a green method with low energy consumption to extract nanocellulose from the vast shrub source via combined grinding and successive homogenization treatments. The derived nanocellulose possesses a fine structure with a diameter of ∼10 nm and an aspect ratio over 1000, high thermal stability with a maximum decomposition temperature of 337 °C, and similar composition with a hydroxyl group and a crystal I structure to that of natural cellulose. The demonstrated nanopaper presents visible light transmittance over 90% and haze be...

Nanocellulose Mechanically Isolated from Amorpha fruticosa Linn.

Nanocellulose has many advantages, such as a wide range of sources of raw materials, renewability, biodegradability, high aspect ratio and large specific surface area. It can be potentially used in medicine, electronics, information technology, energy industry, aerospace and some other high-technological fields.  For preparation of nanocellulose, it is particularly important to separate nanocellulose from  raw materials by an environment-friendly method with environmental protection awareness. Consequently, we here report an effective and environmental friendly method to isolate nanocellulose from a shrub plant, i.e.,  Amorpha fruticosa Linn. Firstly, the plant fiber is pretreated with chemicals to remove lignin and hemicellulose; then the derived purified cellulose is pretreated with enzyme hydrolysis, followed by slight treatment of high-pressure homogenization. The results showed that with the assistance of enzyme pretreatment, effective isolation of nanocellulose could be achieved,  resulting in materials with a uniform diameter distribution and an average value of about 10 nm.  The aspect ratio of the derived nanocellulose is greater than 1000. Such results showed that the method was green and effective for nanocellulose isolation, and the derived biomaterial as a unique biocompatible and high-strength biomass nanomaterial could be used in biomedical, environmental protection and other fields.

https://www.udspub.com/ajj/public/index.php/aeb/article/download/420/pdf_1

Nanocellulose isolation from Amorpha fruticosa by an enzyme-assisted pretreatment

In order to improve the decay resistance of wood, we propose a novel method by in-situ hybridization of reactive monomers and nano-SiO 2 within wood porous structure to modify wood structure and chemical components. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), and polyethylene glycol-200 dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) were first mixed and then penetrated into poplar wood cell lumen by vacuum/pressure treatments, followed by in-situ hybridization under an initiation condition. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations described that the polymer-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite filled up cavities and tightly contacted the wood cell wall. Nano-SiO 2 particles were uniformly dispersed into the formed polymer within wood pores. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis suggested that the nano-SiO 2 probably chemical bonded to the polymer during the monomer polymerization. The derived wood-based polymer-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite exhibited remarkably improvement in decay resistance over the untreated wood as controls. Such treatment could potentially widen the wood applications with outstanding decay resistance.

https://www.udspub.com/ajj/public/index.php/aeb/article/download/168/128

Rutan Pan

Papers

Nanocellulose Mechanically Isolated from Amorpha fruticosa Linn.

Nanocellulose isolation from Amorpha fruticosa by an enzyme-assisted pretreatment

Improvement of decay resistance of wood by in-situ hybridization of reactive monomers and nano-SiO 2 within wood