https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(11)60679-X.pdf

National, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 370 country-years and 2·7 million participants

http://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/235686/1/content.pdf

Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants

Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: a baseline analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Data on causes of death by age and sex are a critical input into health decision-making Priority setting in public health should be informed not only by the current magnitude of health problems but by trends in them However, cause of death data are often not available or are subject to substantial problems of comparability We propose five general principles for cause of death model development, validation, and reporting We detail a specific implementation of these principles that is embodied in an analytical tool - the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) - which explores a large variety of possible models to estimate trends in causes of death Possible models are identified using a covariate selection algorithm that yields many plausible combinations of covariates, which are then run through four model classes The model classes include mixed effects linear models and spatial-temporal Gaussian Process Regression models for cause fractions and death rates All models for each cause of death are then assessed using out-of-sample predictive validity and combined into an ensemble with optimal out-of-sample predictive performance Ensemble models for cause of death estimation outperform any single component model in tests of root mean square error, frequency of predicting correct temporal trends, and achieving 95% coverage of the prediction interval We present detailed results for CODEm applied to maternal mortality and summary results for several other causes of death, including cardiovascular disease and several cancers CODEm produces better estimates of cause of death trends than previous methods and is less susceptible to bias in model specification We demonstrate the utility of CODEm for the estimation of several major causes of death

/pdf/modeling-causes-of-death-an-integrated-approach-using-codem-2qu8ombn1r.pdf

Modeling causes of death: an integrated approach using CODEm

Guidelines on Diabetic Eye Care: The International Council of Ophthalmology Recommendations for Screening, Follow-up, Referral, and Treatment Based on Resource Settings

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of the health system response to the challenge of diabetes across different settings and explore the inequalities in diabetes care that are attributable to socioeconomic factors. METHODS: We used nationally representative health examination surveys from Colombia, England, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Mexico, Scotland, Thailand and the United States of America to obtain data on diagnosis, treatment and control of hyperglycaemia, arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia among individuals with diabetes. Using logistic regression, we explored the socioeconomic determinants of diagnosis and effective case management. FINDINGS: A substantial proportion of individuals with diabetes remain undiagnosed and untreated, both in developed and developing countries. The figures range from 24% of the women in Scotland and the USA to 62% of the men in Thailand. The proportion of individuals with diabetes reaching treatment targets for blood glucose, arterial blood pressure and serum cholesterol was very low, ranging from 1% of male patients in Mexico to about 12% in the United States. Income and education were not found to be significantly related to the rates of diagnosis and treatment anywhere except in Thailand, but in the three countries with available data insurance status was a strong predictor of diagnosis and effective management, especially in the United States. CONCLUSION: There are many missed opportunities to reduce the burden of diabetes through improved control of blood glucose levels and improved diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia. While no large socioeconomic inequalities were noted in the management of individuals with diabetes, financial access to care was a strong predictor of diagnosis and management.

/pdf/management-of-diabetes-and-associated-cardiovascular-risk-55lbuk3n6m.pdf

Management of diabetes and associated cardiovascular risk factors in seven countries: a comparison of data from national health examination surveys

Tratamiento de la diabetes y factores de riesgo cardiovascular asociados en siete países: comparación de datos de las encuestas nacionales de exámenes médicos

Ruy Lopez Ridaura

Papers

Management of diabetes and associated cardiovascular risk factors in seven countries: a comparison of data from national health examination surveys

Tratamiento de la diabetes y factores de riesgo cardiovascular asociados en siete países: comparación de datos de las encuestas nacionales de exámenes médicos