The increasing need for forest resources and cultivated land requires a solution in forest management to realize sustainable land use. Smart agroforestry (SAF) is a set of agriculture and silviculture knowledge and practices that is aimed at not only increasing profits and resilience for farmers but also improving environmental parameters, including climate change mitigation and adaptation, biodiversity enhancement, and soil and water conservation, while assuring sustainable landscape management. SAF, a solution for land management systems to reduce the rate of deforestation, is a smart effort to overcome the food crisis and mitigate climate change that is prospectively applied mainly in the social forestry area. Optimized forest land utilization could be achieved by implementing SAF and applying silvicultural and crop cultivation techniques to optimize productivity and meet sustainability and adaptability goals. This paper reviews the existing conditions, opportunities, and challenges in the mainstreaming of SAF in social forestry implementation to support the Sustainable Development Goals in Indonesia. Mainstreaming SAF should include policy innovation and regulation implementation, the use of appropriate technology, and compromises or trade-offs among benefits, risks, and resources. SAF is a strategy to revive the rural economy and community prosperity through the optimal use of local resources as well as a form of smart landscape and land-use management that has significant roles in soil and water conservation, bioenergy, climate change responses, and enhanced biodiversity conservation.

/pdf/mainstreaming-smart-agroforestry-for-social-forestry-1fua5j1p.pdf

Mainstreaming Smart Agroforestry for Social Forestry Implementation to Support Sustainable Development Goals in Indonesia: A Review

Indonesia has the second-largest biodiversity of any country in the world. Deforestation and forest degradation have caused a range of environmental issues, including habitat degradation and loss of biodiversity, deterioration of water quality and quantity, air pollution, and increased greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. Forest restoration at the landscape level has been conducted to balance ecological integrity and human well-being. Forest restoration efforts are also aimed at reducing CO2 emissions and are closely related to Indonesia’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) from the forestry sector. The purpose of this paper is to examine the regulatory, institutional, and policy aspects of forest restoration in Indonesia, as well as the implementation of forest restoration activities in the country. The article was written using a synoptic review approach to Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR)-related articles and national experiences. Failures, success stories, and criteria and indicators for forest restoration success are all discussed. We also discuss the latest silvicultural techniques for the success of the forest restoration program. Restoration governance in Indonesia has focused on the wetland ecosystem such as peatlands and mangroves, but due to the severely degraded condition of many forests, the government has by necessity opted for active restoration involving the planting and establishment of livelihood options. The government has adapted its restoration approach from the early focus on ecological restoration to more forest landscape restoration, which recognizes that involving the local community in restoration activities is critical for the success of forest restoration.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/3/328/pdf?version=1645698006

Tropical Forest Landscape Restoration in Indonesia: A Review

This paper’s working hypothesis is that the indigenous farming practices of Timorese farmers are those most suitable and adaptable with regard to these farmers’ circumstances. Intensive farming and the acceleration of land conversion in Java lead to a reduction in favorable cropland and the degradation of soil biology. To meet the demand for food production, unfavorable areas outside Java, including marginal semi-arid areas on Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara province, have become an important option. Unfortunately, the national crop production policy has paid less attention to the specific biophysical characteristics of the region and how local people have adapted to the diverse marginal environment. We review the literature in the areas of soil nutrition retention and soil biology, vegetation/crop diversity, and farming practices/management, including local wisdom on soil management. This paper highlights that the values of the chemical parameters of the soils in question are varied, but generally range from low to high. The existence of beneficial micro-organisms is important both for improving soil fertility and due to their association with local vegetation/crops. Traditional farming practices, such as the local agroforestry of Mamar, have effectively preserved the existence of micro-organisms that promote conservation practices, crop/vegetation diversity, and sustainable agriculture. We recommend that the expansion of croplands and crop production into marginal semi-arid areas needs to be considered and adapted while taking into consideration sustainability and environmentally sound traditional practices.

/pdf/local-wisdom-of-west-timorese-farmers-in-land-management-j4w6s2bb.pdf

Local Wisdom of West Timorese Farmers in Land Management

The research was carried out in Sesaot Protected Forest Nature Tourism which focused on two locations, namely in front of the Sesaot Resort Office and Wisata Aik Nyet. The purpose of this research is to present data on environmental conditions and the value of the biodiversity index calculation so that this information is important as an evaluation material for forest managers to maintain and even improve the structure and composition of plant species in Sesaot Protection Forest. This research was conducted in three main parts, namely the strengthening of research design and methods, preparation for field work, data collection, and data analysis. The method used is a combination method of transect and double plot methods, namely the transect method consisting of four plots arranged in a double zigzag plot with a size of 20 x 20m for trees, 10 x 10m for shrubs, and 2 x 2m for shrubs. The results showed that the analysis of the calculation of the value of the highest Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H ') in front of the Sesaot Resort Office was found on a 10mx10m plot of 2.03 with moderate overflow category. Then, for the highest Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H ') value in Aik Nyet Sesaot, which is found in a 10mx10m plot of 1.88 with the medium abundance category.

https://ijobb.esaunggul.ac.id/index.php/IJOBB/article/download/67/71

Structure and Composition of Vegetation in Sesaot Protected Forest Nature Tourism in West Lombok-West Nusa Tenggara

Prediksi Sedimen Danau Rawa Pening Tahun 2020 Sebagai Dasar Reservasi Sungai Tuntang Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis

Agroforestry systems can be considered as sustainability concept. They are able to provide ecological, economical and sociological benefit. In order to help policy makers and stakeholder decide what action should be taken to make agroforestry sustainable, the identification of the sustainability status is needed. This study aimed to evaluate the sustainability status of agroforestry systems in Timor Island, one of the islands in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, eastern Indonesia. The data was collected through combination of field observation and interviews with 38 respondents with purposively selected in three dominant agroforestry systems, namely: mixed-garden, mamar, traditional agroforestry and silvopasture. Multidimensional Scaling approach was used to analyse the sustainability status of agroforestry systems based on five dimensions (ecology, economy, social, institutional and technology) as well as 26 attributes. The attribute valuation was in ordinal scale based on sustainable criteria of each dimension. The criteria were ranked from 0 (the lowest) to 3 (the highest). The assessment of sustainability status was classified into: not sustainable (0-25%), less sustainable (25-50%), moderate sustainable (50-75%) and good sustainable (75-100%). The result revealed that the sustainability of all agroforestry systems were in moderate sustainable. This study found that, only 15 out of 26 attributes were categorized as sensitive attributes. Such data and information are important for the agroforestry farmer or other related stakeholder for improving appropriate strategies or action in sustainable agroforestry management.

/pdf/sustainability-status-of-agroforestry-systems-in-timor-194jnnn29a.pdf

Sustainability status of agroforestry systems in Timor Island, Indonesia

Germadan is one form of lake management policy implemented through the establishment of institutions involving many stakeholders. The institutional management of the Rawa Pening Lake is a collective action to the preservation of the Rawa Pening Lake. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of Germadan in the perspective of the theory of collective action. The research used a qualitative approach. Data collection through in-depth interviews, observation, and literature study. The descriptive analysis was carried out to describe the implementation and to identify the successes and failures of Germadan. Based the analysis, it can be concluded that as a collective action, Germadan has failed. This failure is due to imperfection of participation in planning and implementation of the program, and the lack of enforcement of agreed rules and lack of incentives for both economic and social incentives in their implementation.

/pdf/germadan-rawa-pening-tindakan-bersama-dalam-pengelolaan-1ece3j2yp3.pdf

GERMADAN RAWA PENING: TINDAKAN BERSAMA DALAM PENGELOLAAN COMMON POOL RESOURCES (Germadan Rawa Pening: Collective action in managing common pool resources)

Perhutanan Sosial pada awalnya merupakan inisiatif Perum Perhutani yang mulai diimplementasikan pada tahun 1972. Pada tahun 2017, ada perkembangan baru terkait Perhutanan Sosial di area Perhutani yang dipelopori oleh Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK)  melalui Izin Pemanfaatan Hutan Perhutanan Sosial (IPHPS). Karena inisiatif dari kementerian, sementara implementasi IPHPS ada di dalam Kawasan Perhutani, maka di lapangan terdapat implikasi-implikasi kelembagaan yang menarik untuk dikaji. Kajian ini menggambarkan dinamika kelembagaan Perhutanan Sosial di dalam kawasan Perum Perhutani setelah keluarnya kebijakan IPHPS. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan metode pengumpulan data yang menggunakan studi literatur, wawancara dan observasi. Analisis data deskriptif dimaksudkan untuk memberikan gambaran dinamika kelembagaan sebelum dan setelah penerapan IPHPS. Tulisan ini difokuskan pada aspek kelembagaan pemerintah dan petani (yang menggarap perhutanan sosial) di level bawah (tanah garapan). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan struktur kelembagaan pemerintah di dalam program IPHPS lebih kompleks dibandingkan dengan program sebelumnya, yakni program Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (PHBM).  Kelembagaan petani, di sisi lain, tidak terlalu banyak perbedaan, baik selama masa penerapan program PHBM maupun IPHPS. Kelembagaan petani masih belum mampu mandiri sehingga penguatan kelembagaan petani perlu menjadi prioritas

/pdf/dinamika-kelembagaan-perhutanan-sosial-di-wilayah-pehutani-75w2xllzr1.pdf

Dinamika Kelembagaan Perhutanan Sosial di Wilayah Pehutani: Studi Kasus di KPH Telawa, Jawa Tengah

Private forests potentially solve the problem of local and national wood deficit. Optimizing the role of private forests, needs proper plannings and accurate data. This study aimed at determining wood potency and composition on private forest of Malimada, North Wewewa sub district, Southwest Sumba District of East Nusa Tenggara. This research used quantitative descriptive approach. Samplings purposive used quadrat methods with 10 plots were established. Important Value Index (IVI) was employed in order to depict wood potency and trees composition of private forest. The research results revealed that standing stock predominantly by mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King.) with IVI at saplings, poles, and trees level were 188.28; 211.28 and 246.04 respectively. The existing structure stock has similar characteristics to the nature forest, this was indicated by reverse J-shape level of growth distribution curve.

/pdf/potensi-mahoni-swietenia-macrophylla-king-pada-hutan-rakyat-1mu2mruzjm.pdf

Potensi Mahoni (Swietenia Macrophylla King) Pada Hutan Rakyat Sistem Kaliwo Di Malimada, Sumba Barat Daya

ABSTRAK Pengelolaan sumberdaya alam seringkali dihadapkan pada konflik antar pemangku kepentingan. Kepentingan tersebut mencakup tiga dimensi yaitu kepentingan ekologi, ekonomi dan sosial. Cendana merupakan salah satu hasil hutan yang memiliki peran sangat penting dalam sejarah pembangunan di NTT. Pemanfaatan cendana ini juga tidak lepas dari konflik. Bahkan konflik tersebut telah membuat masyarakat trauma terhadap pengelolaan cendana. Upaya pemulihan potensi dan peran cendana dalam perekonomian mengalami hambatan berkaitan dengan trauma masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan, menganalisi dan menginterpreasikan pengelolaan cendana dimasa lalu yang mengakibatkan konflik dan trauma masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan cendana oleh pemerintah. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif terhadap pengelolaan cendana di masa lalu. Penelitian dilakukan di Pulau Timor, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi dokumentasi, observasi dan wawancara dengan informan kunci. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan cendana di masa lalu terjadi ketidakadilan dalam pembagian keuntungan penjualan cendana, dominasi negara (penguasa), tidak adanya ruang komunikasi dan peran serta masyarakat dalam pengelolaan cendana. Hal ini membentuk persepsi negatif masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan cendana oleh pemerintah.  ABSTRACT Conflict between stakeholder interests is inevitable in natural resources management. Stakeholder interest covers ecological, economic and social interest. Cendana is non wood forest product which plays important role on East Nusa Tenggara development. Cendana management doesn’t free of conflict. Instead the conflict on cendana management leads to community trauma. Effort for increasing the potencies faces the negative perception of communities. This research aim to describe, analysis and interprets the history of cendana management.The research was conducted in Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province. Data collection done by documentary study, observation and interviews. Data were analyzed with descriptive qualitative analysis.The result shows that the past cendana management was inequity of profit sharing, state domination, no space for communication and public participation on cendana management. This condition leads to conflict and community trauma on cendana management by government.

https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/JML/article/download/18469/11762

S. Agung Sri Raharjo

Papers

Sustainability status of agroforestry systems in Timor Island, Indonesia

GERMADAN RAWA PENING: TINDAKAN BERSAMA DALAM PENGELOLAAN COMMON POOL RESOURCES (Germadan Rawa Pening: Collective action in managing common pool resources)

Dinamika Kelembagaan Perhutanan Sosial di Wilayah Pehutani: Studi Kasus di KPH Telawa, Jawa Tengah

Potensi Mahoni (Swietenia Macrophylla King) Pada Hutan Rakyat Sistem Kaliwo Di Malimada, Sumba Barat Daya

SEJARAH DOMINASI NEGARA DALAM PENGELOLAAN CENDANA DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR (History of State Domination on Cendana Management in Nusa Tenggara Timur)