The concepts of vulnerability and resilience are gaining popularity in the development literature but still lack conceptual integration with the theory and practices of livelihood dynamics. However, the livelihood system of a community is a key element of the social system which may frequently be disrupted by the ecological, financial, natural and human-made vulnerability. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the concept of vulnerability and resilience in the perspective of livelihoods in a climate vulnerable context. It also addresses the methodological gaps through translation of theory from existing literature. This study argues that vulnerability and livelihood resilience are inversely related. It recommends some indicators and pillars for a better understanding of the vulnerability and livelihood resilience drawing from assorted literature through analysing the concept from various dimensions. The study will be helpful in understanding the livelihood dynamics and its assessment in the perspective of vulnerability and resilience.

Vulnerability and livelihood resilience in the face of natural disaster: a critical conceptual review

Previous bibliometric analyses of industrial symbiosis (IS) research have focused on a limited body of literature owing to the scope of keyword searches or limitations of library databases. This study seeks to apply bibliometrics to explore broader, epistemological questions, particularly about the structure and geospatial development of IS as a sub‐field of industrial ecology. We also evaluate the benefits of using Google Scholar, in addition to the conventional databases Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus, for better understanding academic domains. By using WoS and Scopus, 805 articles on IS that met our criteria were identified, published in 212 journals from 1995 through 2018. On average, the cumulative number of relevant articles grew at an exponential rate of 18% per year—more than double the estimated growth of global scientific output. We observed the largest increases in articles that: (1) model the material and energy flows in IS clusters; (2) propose strategies and ideas for implementing symbiosis; and (3) evaluate the performance of IS networks. By the end of 2018, 54 countries were featured in IS articles retrieved from WoS and Scopus, with China as the single most studied country. The analysis of Google Scholar suggested that it can capture more IS articles than the conventional databases owing to its unique characteristic of searching the entire text of documents rather than solely their metadata as with WoS and Scopus. Google Scholar revealed IS discourse from additional countries and disciplines previously omitted, enabling a more acute view of its patterns of diffusion.

Tracking the diffusion of industrial symbiosis scholarship using bibliometrics: Comparing across Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar

Rain-fed rural communities in Pakistan are susceptible to climate change. Their reliance on agricultural productivity is marred by inadequate adaptive and response capabilities, making them vulnerable to accompanying challenges. This paper examines the farmers’ perceptions about the looming threats emanating from climate change. The study scrutinizes response options and strategies for action. It mainly focuses on the determinants, which characteristically influence the farmers’ decision-making to cope with the looming challenges. The current study was carried out in the rain-fed contextual settings of Chakwal District in Pakistan. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 475 households. The multivariate probit model was deployed for assessments and inferences. The findings formulate that a sizeable majority (96%) of farmers is conscious about the consequential impacts of weather and climatic anomalies. The irregular rainfall pattern was identified as the leading cause of concern (86%) among the respondents. Besides this, the households also tackle the abnormalities such as hail storms (73%), irregularities in the durations of summer (72%), and winter (71%) seasons. The respondents rely on several strategies ranging from changes in planting dates (76%) to compromises over the education of children (33%) to ameliorate ensuing stresses. The findings substantiate that the level of education, size of the land held, household income, exposure to information, and access to extension services determine the farmers’ adaptation choices. However, financial constraints and lack of institutional support were adjudged as the cardinal hurdles. Therefore, integrated efforts in terms of technical, financial, and institutional support are obligatory for the social-economic resilience of such rain-fed agrarian communities.

Determinants of farmers’ adaptation to climate change in rain-fed agriculture of Pakistan

Climate change is becoming a daunting and challenging threat for the global food security. The phenomena is proving burdensome for the natural and human resources and, thus, a real challenge for the social, economic and ecological sustainability of the resource-stricken developing regions such as South Asia (IPCC, 2014; Bokhari et al., 2018; IPCC, 2018). The researchers such as Abid et al. (2016), Atif et al. (2018a) and Wu et al. (2017) opined that the consequential impacts of these weather and climatic fluctuations are adversely impacting the environmental resources of these regions. Whereas, the economic and social viabilities of these contextual settings are dependent on the agricultural productivities, therefore, integrated efforts are incumbent for ensuring the resilience of their agro-based economies. The scientific postulations regarding the likely upsurge in the global surface temperature (Easterling et al., 2000; McCarthy et al., 2001) and findings of the similar investigations (IPCC, 2014; Wu et al., 2017) corroborating the notions of Pachauri et al. (2014) that the climate-induced anomalies are exasperating the socio-economic stabilities and affecting food-insecurities in the South Asian region. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2015) reported that approximately 50% of the total land area in the South Asian region is being utilized for agricultural activities, thus, integrated efforts for the resilience of the agricultural sector are obligatory. The growing population density, technological innovations and concomitant lifestyle changes are exerting their own pressures on Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes. These LULC modifications are incumbent to fulfilling the growing demands for food and abode in this densely populated region (Vadrevu et al., 2015). The resultant LULC transformations are taking place at the cost of shrinkages in the forested and pastoral lands (Mitra and Sharma, 2012). These planned and unplanned intrusions in the natural equilibrium are exacerbating the impacts of the weather and climatic anomalies. Thus, the consequential imbalances in the natural Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 57 (2), 465-475 : 2020 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 DOI: 10.21162/PAKJAS/19.9030 http://www.pakjas.com.pk

Farmers' perceptions and adaptation practices to climate change in rain-fed area: a case study from district Chakwal, Pakistan.

Industrial symbiosis (IS), where different entities collaborate in the management of energy, utilities, materials, or services, has been identified as an approach to improve resource efficiency and circularity in industry. This article assesses the environmental performance of an IS network with firms involved in waste management, soil, surfaces, paper, lumber, and energy. The aim is to highlight the environmental performance of an IS network and pay particular attention to the improved performance for products in the IS network. Life cycle assessment is used to compare the current IS network with a reference scenario and a potential future development. The results suggest that there are significant benefits from the IS network. Large reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and abiotic resource depletion were identified. Furthermore, large reductions in local impacts, namely eutrophication and acidification impacts are illustrated. It was shown that all firms in the network benefit from the synergies involved, with a large share of the benefits stemming from the facilitated exchanges with the waste management company. The replacement of conventional products and energy streams with bio‐based counterparts from within the network is of significant importance. Finally, the results point to the importance of the facilitation of by‐product synergies, and the significant value this creates in the region, with large potential to improve the environmental performance of firms and their products.

Evaluating the environmental performance of producing soil and surfaces through industrial symbiosis

http://www.aloki.hu/pdf/1604_42654287.pdf

The impacts of socio-economic factors on the perception of residents about urban vegetation: a comparative study of planned versus semi-planned cities of islamabad and rawalpindi, pakistan

The conceptual framework of industrial symbiosis (IS) is gaining recognition for ensuring the conservation of natural resources and resilience of socio-ecological surroundings. Significant scholastic strides have been made for explaining the conceptual paradigm of IS. The current study relied upon the Bibliometric mapping technique to decipher the contemporary orientations in the recent publications (2007-2017). The findings revealed that China, UK and the USA are the pivot for promoting research interests in the field. The loci of IS research was observed more skewed in favour of economically developed and industrialized countries. The findings of this study also acknowledge a growing propensity towards research collaboration between and among nations.

A bibliometric analysis of contemporary research regarding industrial symbiosis: a path towards urban environmental resilience

Circular economy (CE) and Industry 4.0 (I4.0) laid the foundation of intelligent and sustainable manufacturing based on real-time data collection. However, the absence of a human-centric approach has recently pushed for a more value-driven Industry 5.0 (I5.0) vision. A systematic literature review is conducted by critically analysing the peer-reviewed academic journals to evaluate the material-flow of a product's lifecycle and information-flow in a data-driven platform to find any existing relationship between the CE and I4.0 nexus with I5.0. The results indicate that the application of I5.0 is significantly more comprehensive as it is not limited to industry-focused but also considers broader societal values. I5.0 places the human-centric approach at the centre of the production process and utilise innovative technical advancement to provide a sustainable and resilient smart manufacturing path. It extends the tech features of I4.0 and complements the CE paradigm that prospers beyond jobs and growth while respecting the environment. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/sd.2542

Analysing the alignment between circular economy and industry 4.0 nexus with industry 5.0 era: An integrative systematic literature review

The integration of innovative technologies creates a circular economy (CE) system that enhances the value and legitimacy of their trade. Recently, many global industries have shifted their focus towards product-service system (PSS) to perpetuate in today's competitive market without negatively influencing the environmental detrition and retaining the extended producer responsibility (EPR). Thus, this study will advance an understanding of how I4.0 technologies derivate renewables from waste to create sustainable energy sources rather than consuming virgin resources (normally considered a linear model) from a data management and product lifecycle perspective. This research used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology to analyse and categorise a literature survey of 126 research articles published over the years (2013–2022). The analysis indicates that the early research is mostly focused on defining the key variables (CE, I4.0 and PSS) and developing various frameworks to promote eco-efficient services and sustainable development using I4.0 technologies and is engineering focused. It is established that two propositions leverage CE; the first one is value co-creation, which enhances perceived value. In contrast, the other one is related to the application of data-driven platforms using I4.0 technologies for sculpting the strategy and other decision support. More studies need to be analysing CE, I4.0 and PSS. To support researchers, managers and policymakers, this study has analysed the applicability of theoretical propositions regarding the application of I4.0 technologies with CE and PSS and presented a theoretical framework for the I4.0-enabled share platform that may be tested using empirical data. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/bsd2.238

The role of industry 4.0‐enabled data‐driven shared platform as an enabler of product‐service system in the context of circular economy: A systematic literature review and future research directions

The transformation of manufacturing firms towards servitisation is largely characterised as adding the service-provision to their product continuum. Most current research focuses on identifying the drivers of servitisation and its impact on the supply chain. However, this shift has various underlying issues of siloed operations that the firms need to acknowledge to enable agile and adaptable product and service package offering to their customers. Therefore, this paper uses a narrative review approach to synthesise a comprehensive and critical analysis of 28 research articles, exploring the transformation process and the issues related to the context of the application of servitisation approach and supply chain management. The findings revealed that the transition process of a manufacturing firm towards the adoption of servitisation approach presents various structural challenges related to market orientation and inter-functional coordination in supply chain management. This study will serve as a baseline for manufacturing firms and practitioners to evaluate their readiness for this transition.

S B Atif

Papers

The impacts of socio-economic factors on the perception of residents about urban vegetation: a comparative study of planned versus semi-planned cities of islamabad and rawalpindi, pakistan

A bibliometric analysis of contemporary research regarding industrial symbiosis: a path towards urban environmental resilience

Analysing the alignment between circular economy and industry 4.0 nexus with industry 5.0 era: An integrative systematic literature review

The role of industry 4.0‐enabled data‐driven shared platform as an enabler of product‐service system in the context of circular economy: A systematic literature review and future research directions

Exploration of supply chain management challenges in the transformation process towards servitisation