Selective adsorption of chromium(VI) in industrial wastewater using low-cost abundantly available adsorbents

Multiple emulsions, in which dispersed drops contain smaller drops inside, are useful in a large number of commercial applications, including chemical synthesis and drug delivery. For many of these applications, it is critical to have control over the size and structure of multiple emulsion systems. The structure of multiple emulsion systems is in this case defined as the number of bubbles contained in each size "level" of larger bubbles.

Controllable monodisperse multiple emulsions.

The biosorption process has been established as characteristics of dead biomasses of both cellulosic and microbial origin to bind metal ion pollutants from aqueous suspension. The high effectiveness of this process even at low metal concentration, similarity to ion exchange treatment process, but cheaper and greener alternative to conventional techniques have resulted in a mature biosorption technology. Yet its adoption to large scale industrial wastewaters treatment has still been a distant reality. The purpose of this review is to make in-depth analyses of the various aspects of the biosorption technology, staring from the various biosorbents used till date and the various factors affecting the process. The design of better biosorbents for improving their physico-chemical features as well as enhancing their biosorption characteristics has been discussed. Better economic value of the biosorption technology is related to the repeated reuse of the biosorbent with minimum loss of efficiency. In this context desorption of the metal pollutants as well as regeneration of the biosorbent has been discussed in detail. Various inhibitions including the multi mechanistic role of the biosorption technology has been identified which have played a contributory role to its non-commercialization.

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S.B. Chowdhury

Papers

Liquid membrane multiple emulsion process of chromium(VI) separation from waste waters

Liquid membrane multiple emulsion process of separation of copper(II) from waste waters