A review of lithium ion battery failure mechanisms and fire prevention strategies

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), with relatively high energy density and power density, have been considered as a vital energy source in our daily life, especially in electric vehicles. However, energy density and safety related to thermal runaways are the main concerns for their further applications. In order to deeply understand the development of high energy density and safe LIBs, we comprehensively review the safety features of LIBs and the failure mechanisms of cathodes, anodes, separators and electrolyte. The corresponding solutions for designing safer components are systematically proposed. Additionally, the in situ or operando techniques, such as microscopy and spectrum analysis, the fiber Bragg grating sensor and the gas sensor, are summarized to monitor the internal conditions of LIBs in real time. The main purpose of this review is to provide some general guidelines for the design of safe and high energy density batteries from the views of both material and cell levels. Safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density becomes more and more important in the future for EVs development. The safety issues of the LIBs are complicated, related to both materials and the cell level. To ensure the safety of LIBs, in-depth understanding of the safety features, precise design of the battery materials and real-time monitoring/detection of the cells should be systematically considered. Here, we specifically summarize the safety features of the LIBs from the aspects of their voltage and temperature tolerance, the failure mechanism of the LIB materials and corresponding improved methods. We further review the in situ or operando techniques to real-time monitor the internal conditions of LIBs.

/pdf/building-safe-lithium-ion-batteries-for-electric-vehicles-a-35800kw1rs.pdf

Building Safe Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles: A Review

Recent advances of thermal safety of lithium ion battery for energy storage

A survey of methods for monitoring and detecting thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries

Electrolyte additives have been explored to attain significant breakthroughs in the long-term cycling performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) without sacrificing energy density; this has been a...

Electrolyte-Additive-Driven Interfacial Engineering for High-Capacity Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Promise and Challenges

Identification and quantification of gases emitted during abuse tests by overcharge of a commercial Li-ion battery

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02060602/document

Thermal degradation analyses of carbonate solvents used in Li-ion batteries

Study of the influence of water vapour and carbon dioxide dilution on flame structure of swirled methane/oxygen-enriched air flames

A solution for CCS (Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration of CO2) is oxycombustion. Due to the high cost of pure O2 production, however, other approaches recently emerged such as post-combustion coupled with Oxygen Enhanced Air (OEA). This is the solution studied in this paper, which presents an innovative gas turbine cycle, the Oxygen Enriched Air Steam Injection Gas Turbine Cycle (OEASTIG). The OEASTIG cycle is composed of Methane combustion with OEA (Oxygen Enhanced Air), EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) and H2O coming from a STIG (Steam Injection Gas Turbine). CO2 capture is achieved by a membrane separator. The final aim of this work is to predict NO and CO emissions in the gas turbine by experimental and numerical approaches. Before carrying out this study, the validation of a reaction mechanism is mandatory. Moreover, this new gas turbine cycle impacts on the combustion zone and it is therefore necessary to understand the consequences of H2O and CO2 dilution on combustion parameters. While a large number of papers deal with CO2 dilution, only a few papers have investigated the impact of water dilution on methane combustion. A study of the influence of H2O dilution on the combustion parameters by experimental and numerical approaches was therefore carried out and is reported in the present paper. The paper is divided in three parts: i) description of the innovative gas turbine (OEASTIG) cycle and determination of the reactive mixtures compatible with its operation; ii) validation of the reaction mechanism by comparing laminar methane flame velocity measurements performed in a stainless steel spherical combustion chamber with calculations carried out in a freely propagating flame using the Chemical Workbench v.4.1. Package in conjunction with the GRIMech3.0 reaction mechanism; iii) Extrapolation to gas turbine conditions by prediction of flame velocities and determination of the feasible conditions from a gas turbine point of view (flame stability). In particular, mixtures (composed of CH4/O2/N2/H2O or CO2) leading to the same adiabatic temperature were investigated. Lastly, the influence of oxygen enrichment and H2O dilution (compared to CO2 dilution) were investigated.

/pdf/study-of-experimental-and-calculated-flame-speed-of-methane-xxiy4flqxp.pdf

Study of Experimental and Calculated Flame Speed of Methane/Oxygen-Enriched Flame in Gas Turbine Conditions As a Function of Water Dilution: Application to CO2 Capture by Membrane Processes

This study aims to investigate a new technological solution for CO 2 capture from fossil fuel burning power plants. It consists of coupling an oxygen-enriched combustion (typically 30-80% O 2) with a CO 2 capture by membrane separation processes. This offers a CO 2 capture process with a greatly reduced energetic cost compared to conventional post-combustion or oxycombustion processes. The overall purpose of the present work is to maximize the energy production by combustion while ensuring a correct operation of the global process in compliance with environmental legislations. First, a feasibility study is performed with numerical simulations of the energy required for this "hybrid" process. In parallel, combustion kinetics simulations are performed in order to determine the best combustion conditions. This numerical approach is now under experimental validation in a counter-flow burner at LCD and in a model gas turbine chamber at CORIA. Introduction Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) represents a promising option for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel-fired power plants [1]. Much of the research in this area focuses on minimizing the energy required for CO 2 capture. While pre-combustion capture offers the most promising alternative for integrated coal gasification combined cycle or natural gas combined cycle power plants [2], post-combustion is usually inescapable for other industrial plants (cement, steel, glass, refineries, chemical plants, etc). The application of this latter technology is still not developed because of high cost (around 40 € per ton of CO 2 captured) for which the capture step dominates, typically 60-80% of the overall cost of the capture-transportation-injection for storage chain. A reduction of this cost is then required. From a practical point of view, CO 2 capture in post-combustion process is currently envisaged through two aspects: i) High purity oxygen supply (oxycombustion) to avoid dilution with nitrogen, leading to the capture of concentrated CO 2 by a simple drying operation; ii) CO 2 capture in the exhaust gas of a conventional process with air supply (CO 2 content is usually between 4 and 15 % depending on the fuel type) using separation process like absorption in liquids (amine washing). The global objective is to ensure a CO 2 capture rate of 80 to 90% while producing a flue gas containing 80% of CO 2 (to allow transportation and sequestration) with a minimal energy consumption (typically less than 2GJ per ton of CO 2 captured) [3]. The investigation of a technological solution, allowing minimization of the energy requirement while ensuring high CO 2 concentration, is the major purpose of this study. The basic concept relies on a novel approach based on an association of combustion and capture,

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02017460/document

S. de Persis

Papers

Identification and quantification of gases emitted during abuse tests by overcharge of a commercial Li-ion battery

Thermal degradation analyses of carbonate solvents used in Li-ion batteries

Study of the influence of water vapour and carbon dioxide dilution on flame structure of swirled methane/oxygen-enriched air flames

Study of Experimental and Calculated Flame Speed of Methane/Oxygen-Enriched Flame in Gas Turbine Conditions As a Function of Water Dilution: Application to CO2 Capture by Membrane Processes

Coupling of oxygen-enriched combustion and CO 2 capture by membrane processes