Off-line Arabic character recognition: the state of the art

Survey and bibliography of Arabic optical text recognition

Off-line recognition requires transferring the text under consideration into an image file. This represents the only available solution to bring the printed materials to the electronic media. However, the transferring process causes the system to lose the temporal information of that text. Other complexities that an off-line recognition system has to deal with are the lower resolution of the document and the poor binarisation, which can contribute to readability when essential features of the characters are deleted or obscured. Recognising Arabic script presents two additional challenges: orthography is cursive and letter shape is context sensitive. Certain character combinations form new ligature shapes, which are often font-dependent. Some ligatures involve vertical stacking of characters. Since not all letters connect, word boundary location becomes an interesting problem, as spacing may separate not only words, but also certain characters within a word. Various techniques have been implemented to achieve high recognition rates. These techniques have tackled different aspects of the recognition system. This review is organised into five major sections, covering a general overview, Arabic writing characteristics, Arabic text recognition system, Arabic OCR software and conclusions.

Off-Line Arabic Character Recognition --- A Review

Hand-printed arabic character recognition system using an artificial network

On-line handwritten digit recognition based on trajectory and velocity modeling

This paper considers the development of a real-time Arabic handwritten character recognition system. The shape of an Arabic character depends on its position in a given word. The system assumes that characters result from a reliable segmentation stage, thus, the position of the character is known a priori. Four different sets of character shapes have been independently considered. Each set is further divided into four subsets depending on the number of strokes in the character. The system has been heavily tested and the average recognition rate has been found to be 99.6% where all the misrecognized characters were actually written with little care. The system can be reliably used for the recognition of on-line handwritten characters entered via a graphic tablet. >

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel3/1229/3641/00132122.pdf

S. G. El-Taweel

Papers

Real-time Arabic handwritten character recognition

Real-time Arabic handwritten character recognition