事情(IoT ) 的因特网针对启用物理世界和电子空间的互联和集成。它代表未来联网的趋势，并且带信息产业革命的第三个波浪。在这篇文章，我们首先介绍某背景和 IoT 的相关技术并且讨论 IoT 的概念和目的。然后，我们在场挑战和关键科学问题在 IoT 包含了开发。而且，我们介绍中国(973 程序) 的国家基本研究程序支持的当前的研究工程。最后，我们构画出未来研究方向。

Internet of Things： Objectives and Scientific Challenges

Intelligent data fusion algorithm based on hybrid delay-aware adaptive clustering in wireless sensor networks

Internet of Things architecture challenges: A systematic review

Nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are usually deployed in an unattended even hostile environment. What is worse, these nodes are equipped with limited battery, storage, computation, and communication resources. Therefore, it is challenging to ensure the security of a WSN without decreasing its network performance. Data aggregation (DA) combined with a security mechanism can provide a good scheme for solving the aforementioned problems. This article presents a comprehensive review of secure DA (SDA) in WSNs, including its security goals together with the existing problems. The traditional network topologies as well as new emerging ones are discussed and compared in order to indicate the application scenes and security levels of different topologies. Meanwhile, the contrastive analyses of security strategies are presented which divides SDA protocols into five categories according to different security mechanisms, security goals, and network topologies. Besides, the discussion points out some open issues which may be the valuable topics of SDA in the future.

Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks: From the Perspective of Security

Aggregating the sensed data by nodes is a natural way to increase the network lifetime and reduce the number of bits sent and received by each sensor node. This paper presents a reliable tree-based data aggregation method. In the proposed method, sensor nodes are organized in the form of a binary tree. Then, aggregation requests are authenticated by a shared key, and if the request is acknowledged, the aggregation process begins. In the proposed method, using dynamic generator polynomial-size for cycle error detection code (CRC), the error generated along the path is detected hop by hop. In case of an error, the request for retransmission will be sent to the previous hop. Also, intermediate nodes apply certain aggregating functions like summation or averaging on the received packages, which cause a reduction in the amount of data transmission on the network. This method reduces the number of sent packets and the amount of energy consumed, so the network has a longer lifetime. Also, this method significantly increased reliability using the CRC code. The proposed method is compared with EESSDA, SDAACA, and LAG methods. The simulation results show that the proposed method has greater superiority over its comparative techniques, particularly on aspects such as energy consumption, network lifetime, and reliability.

A reliable tree-based data aggregation method in wireless sensor networks

The rapid development of wireless sensor networks motivates the researchers and industries to implement large scale wireless sensor network in highly sensitive applications. Since the data aggregation is the major functionality of the wireless sensor network, the network implementation should avoid data aggregation issues like energy, collision, delay and security. As sensor nodes are deployed in hostile environments, the security of the sensitive information such as authenticity, confidentiality and integrity should be considered. To provide a unique solution that resolve the security and energy issues, this paper proposes a hybrid secure data aggregation (HSDA) to provide high secure data aggregation in an energy efficient way. HSDA implements an end to end symmetric key cryptography for secure authentication using shared public key and it uses hop by hop asymmetric key cryptography with the private keys of each node for data integrity and confidentiality. The proposed model performs the private key generation and encryption at the leaf node to reduce the communication and computation overhead of the sensor nodes. The proposed energy efficient way for achieving the secure data aggregation is proved through simulation results. Compared with existing models, the proposed model provides a new solution that resolves energy as well as security issues in data aggregation.

HSDA: hybrid communication for secure data aggregation in wireless sensor network

In this article, we explore the remote monitoring of patients in an on-demand service that can be implemented using the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). Network congestion and delay are important issues that must be resolved to handle emergencies in IoMT. Backpressure scheduling is a well-known scheme to resolve network congestion and improve network throughput for emergency data packets. Traditional backpressure scheduling is known to categorize each packet and schedules emergency packets to be forwarded faster than regular packets. However, in large-scale networks, these scheduling algorithms find unnecessarily long paths. This leads to high end-to-end delay and decreases the performance of guaranteed delivery. To resolve these issues, this article proposes an event-aware priority scheduling algorithm for data packets. This model follows a single priority queue model to manage all packets and emergency packets have been identified by the threshold values. Also, a separate communication path has been identified as well to reduce the waiting time for each category of the packet. Meanwhile, to reduce delay in packet communication, a delay-efficient data aggregation tree is constructed, which is combined with the priority queue model. Our in-depth simulation results of the proposed model prove the novel contribution to reducing delay in emergency packet delivery and avoiding network congestion. Moreover, the proposed model is also compared with the existing state-of-the-art models to show its ability to outperform similar methodologies.

EWPS: Emergency Data Communication in the Internet of Medical Things

Internet of things is the backbone of the smart applications, which attracts many types of research on the state-of-the-art network applications. Enormous research on sensor networks left more devices that are sensible in the day-to-day life. Hence, implementing new sensor networks for smart applications is not necessary. Many researchers have accepted and utilized existing networks for their request. In this case, techniques for identifying and registering existing sensible things are on demand. This paper proposed a hybrid framework for sensor identification and registration (HSIR) for new IoT applications. This research proposing HSIR as a framework aimed for user-friendliness in the IoT as well as addressed toward the scalability requirement of IoT applications. This model uses content- and context-based multicast communication instead of broadcast to reduce energy and time consumption in sensor identification. HSIR also proposed a public key to register the new network for application requirements. The behaviour of the proposed model has been assayed in realistic with simulations and proved by comparing other models.

HSIR: hybrid architecture for sensor identification and registration for IoT applications

DEDC: Sustainable data communication for cognitive radio sensors in the Internet of Things

Data aggregation is a process of collecting data from all the sensor nodes with a sink node to generate a statistic report in a wireless sensor network. Data aggregation can be performed in various ways that resolves many issues like aggregation delay, collision, security and energy utilization. This paper proposes a Hybrid tree construction (HTC) algorithm to perform the delay efficient data aggregation in wireless sensor network. In HTC a node which has high renewable energy is chosen as root. Each node chooses their corresponding parent and child node among their neighbors by implementing a two-hop tree construction method. In this HTC left child will be selected based on its residual energy and least distance from the other nodes and right child is the second least distance node from the root. By applying a delay efficient data aggregation algorithm on the data aggregation tree constructed by HTC, the performance of the proposed algorithm has been studied. The HTC algorithm has been applied on different network scenarios to improve its performance through the simulation models and the results are verified by comparing with other models.

S. Gopikrishnan

Papers

HSDA: hybrid communication for secure data aggregation in wireless sensor network

EWPS: Emergency Data Communication in the Internet of Medical Things

HSIR: hybrid architecture for sensor identification and registration for IoT applications

DEDC: Sustainable data communication for cognitive radio sensors in the Internet of Things

Hybrid Tree Construction for Sustainable Delay Aware Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks