The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the key enabling technology for new air traffic management (ATM) systems. However, for civil aviation safety-of-life applications, the sensors of an ATM system using GPS must meet the required navigation performance, especially integrity. According to a new ATM system requirement, the receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) prediction system (RPS) is an essential element for predicting GPS service quality for a 72 h period. Many web-based RPSs have been developed and are operated by civil aviation organizations around the world. However, none can autonomously provide the GPS RAIM availability information to the new ATM system. Thus, this study develops an RPS that can be integrated with the new ATM system. Airport operators can obtain the forecast results directly from the ATM system for a specific flight-information region. The system integration is validated using three years of actual operation results of the new ATM system. An evaluation of its support fo...

Operational Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring Prediction System for Air Traffic Management System

The separation of aircraft in cruising flight in air corridors is based on the assurance of an extremely low probability of collision due to position inaccuracy caused by navigation errors, atmospheric disturbances, or other factors. The appropriate standard is the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Target Level of Safety (TLS) of frequency of collision less than 5 × 10−9 per flight hour. An upper bound for the collision probability per unit distance is the probability of coincidence, in the case of aircraft flying at the same speed along parallel tracks in the same direction. This leads to the case of two aircraft flying at a constant separation, for which at least three probabilities of coincidence can be calculated: (i) the maximum probability of coincidence at the most likely point; (ii) the cumulative probability of coincidence integrated along the flight path; and (iii) the cumulative probability of coincidence integrated over all space. These three probabilities of coincidence are applied to the old standard and new reduced vertical separations of 2000 ft and 1000 ft respectively, for comparison with the ICAO TLS, and also to assess their suitability as safety metrics. The possibility is raised of complementing the ICAO TLS 5 × 10−9 per hour, which is suitable for the cumulative probability of collision, by two additional safety metrics: (i) one per hour flown squared, which is suitable for comparison with the maximum joint probability density of collision; and (ii) another times hour flown, for comparison with the three-dimensional cumulative probability of coincidence. These three metrics (i) to (iii) have distinct dimensions, give different information, and could be alternatives or supplements.

https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/8/2/31/pdf

On Probabilistic Risk of Aircraft Collision along Air Corridors

ANNUAL of NAVIGATION

This and the following three papers were first presented at GNNS 2000, the third European Symposium on global navigation satellite systems held in Edinburgh, Scotland from 1st to 4th May 2000. GNSS, or more specifically, Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS), guidance provides the prospect of a low-cost means for aircraft to become equipped to fly area navigation (RNAV) operations. The implementation of such RNAV operations within UK airspace offers potential benefits to both the airline operators and the Air Traffic Service Providers (ATSPs).

Gnss guidance for all phases of flight: practical results.

This paper discusses the design, development and operation of two tools intended for B-RNAV operations : the enhanced AUGUR system, which was commissioned by EUROCONTROL, and the Global Positioning System (GPS) Performance Monitoring System (GPMS), commissioned by National Air Traffic Services Ltd. (NATS). Both tools were implemented by STASYS Ltd., with support from Delft University on AUGUR algorithm issues. AUGUR, a Predictive GPS Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) system, performs complex calculations and provides an easy-to-interpret Internet-based interface to aid aircraft operators with the use of GPS. Enhancements to AUGUR have been implemented to meet user requests and the requirements of a future Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA) Temporary Guidance Leaflet (TGL) on the airworthiness and operational approval for the use of Area Navigation (RNAV) systems in European airspace designated for Precision RNAV (P-RNAV) operations. The GPMS records output from a variety of GPS UE, has a real-time interface, performs simulations based on logged data, and permits remote analysis. The work carried out consisted of specifying a system to meet the safety study recommendations, choosing hardware, analysing interface requirements, and developing systems and software. These tools are now in place to help with GPS B-RNAV operations, and provide a layer of safety for both en-route flight and GPS-based non-precision approach operations in European airspace.

S. J. Leighton

Papers

Gnss guidance for all phases of flight: practical results.

Tools for GPS B-RNAV