Novel alginate/hydroxyethyl cellulose/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold for bone regeneration: In vitro cell viability and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells.

Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with aggregation of α-synuclein and selective death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra, thereby leading to cognitive and motor impairments. Nowadays, the drugs commonly used for PD treatment, such as levodopa, provide only symptomatic relief. Therefore, seeking new drugs against PD, especially from plants and marine organisms, is one of the major research areas to be explored. This study aimed to investigate the anti-Parkinson activity of the extracts from the sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra, by using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model.Methods: H. scabra was solvent-extracted and subdivided into six fractions including whole body-ethyl acetate (WBEA), body wall-ethyl acetate (BWEA), viscera-ethyl acetate (VIEA), whole body-butanol (WBBU), body wall-butanol (BWBU), and viscera-butanol (VIBU). The extracts were tested in C. elegans BZ555 strain expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) specifically in the DA neurons and NL5901 strain e...

Holothuria scabra extracts exhibit anti-Parkinson potential in C. elegans: A model for anti-Parkinson testing.

Holothuria scabra extracts possess anti-oxidant activity and promote stress resistance and lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans.

The total lipid contents of local sea cucumbers; Holothuria scabra Jaeger, H. leucospilota Brandt, H. atra Jaeger and Stichopus horrens Selenka were determined with the respective results on dry matter basis 0.72%, 1.42%, 0.99% and 1.55%. Meanwhile, the free fatty acids composition for each lipid extract showed all species contained arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of which S. horrens being the highest 42.41% followed by H. atra, 24.76%, H. leucospilota, 23.23% and H. scabra, 19.63%. H. scabra, H. leucospilota and H. atra were rich in palmitic acid (C16:0) of saturated fatty acids (SFA); 52.66%, 35.63% and 34.21%, respectively. Myristic acid (C14:0) of SFA was higher in S. horrens (24.36%). However, the fatty acids eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) (C20:5) were very low for all species; H. scabra (1.12%), H. leucospilota (1.34%), H. atra (0.17%) and S. horrens (0.79%). Docosahexanoic acid (DHA) was only detected in S. horrens, i.e. 0.32%. Thus, the results of this study indicated that different species of sea cucumber varies in its lipid content and free fatty acids composition.

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Free Fatty Acids Composition in Lipid Extracts of Several Sea Cucumbers Species from Malaysia

海洋的环境可以为新奇的药作为富有的来源被探索。很多导出水兵的混合物被孤立并且识别，并且他们的治疗学的效果和药理学侧面被描绘。在现在的评论，我们为肝 fibrotic 疾病的治疗作为潜在的 hepatoprotective 代理人用海洋的混合物加亮最近的研究并且讨论他们的活动的建议机制。另外，在富有的海洋的生活为新奇天赋的隔离提供一个潜力的地方，我们在阿曼讨论类似的研究的意义，在肝疾病上显示治疗学的效果的 bioactive 产品。

The use of marine-derived bioactive compounds as potential hepatoprotective agents

Sea cucumbers are marine invertebrates of the phylum of Echinodermata that have been used in Asian traditional medicine since ancient times. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of aqueous and organic extracts from two sea cucumber species, Holothuria edulis Lesson (Holothuriidae) and Stichopus horrens Selenka (Stichopodidae). Antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated by DPPH· and β-carotene bleaching assays, while MTT and trypan blue exclusion assays were used to demonstrate the cytotoxic effects of the extracts against two human cancer cell lines, non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549) and esophageal cancer cells (TE1). The results showed that both aqueous and organic extracts of H. edulis were able to scavenge DPH radical (IC50 at 2.04 mg/ml and 8.73 mg/ml, respectively). Aqueous and organic extracts of S. horrens inhibited 79.62% and 46.66% of β-carotene oxidation by linoleate free radical. On the other hand, the organic extract of S. horrens exhibited the highest cytotoxic effects against A549 and TE1 cancer cells giving IC50 at 15.5 and 4.0 μg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, the present study revealed that H. edulis and S. horrens contain promising levels of antioxidant and cytotoxic natural products that might be used for cancer prevention and treatment.

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S Jauhari Arief Ichwan

Papers

Antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of two sea cucumbers, Holothuria edulis lesson and Stichopus horrens Selenka.