Pests and grapevine diseases in organic production are suppressed by preventive measures with a view to reducing the impact of the attack. Allowed substances acting on patogenous fungi, insects, mites and other harmful organisms are used, if appropriate. Insecticides of plant origin are used in the organic production of grapevine, as well as vegetable oils, powders and insecticidal soaps that are selective, with a narrow range of effects and of lower toxicity, as well as biological products. As a rule, such plant protection products require a more frequent application. Copper-based and sulphur-based fungicides are still leading products in suppressing grapevine diseases. Researches are directed to decrease the quantity of application and to find their replacement by also efficient fungicides. A special emphasis is put on researching the efficient fungicides for suppressing Botrytis bunch rot and factors causing grapevine wood diseases (Esca and Eutypa) in organic production. Along with copper and sulphur, different substances such as bicarbonates, plant extracts and oils, biological products being parasites, patogenous or diseases agent antagonists, and natural products such as milk and whey are applied in the organic production of grapevine.

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Plant protection products in organic grapevine growing

During recent years organic viticulture has been developing in the leading viticulture countries worldwide The organic viticulture has been defined as the application of procedures of organic agriculture in view of increasing the production of top quality grape and wine All the aspects of the organic viticulture such as cultivating and maintaining the soil, ground cover plants and weed control, balanced nutrition of grapevine, growing systems, disease and pest control are carried out in view of increasing the quality and health safety of wine and table varieties When making a choice of a cultivar, there are two key factors: an economic indicator-market perspective and characteristics of a cultivar Traditional varieties are in advantage in comparison to newly created ones, new preparations, improved computerised forecast models contribute to the efficient protection from disease and pests New IC/PIWI varieties must show tolerance to low winter temperatures and/or spring frosts, real commercial value through the quality of fruit, wine, juice or table grapes, tolerance to diseases and pests, balanced relationship between fruit and wood ripening The aim of this paper is to present organic viticulture through integral agroecosystem and traditionally applied procedures in viticulture

http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1450-8109/2010/1450-81091002195S.pdf

Natural process and use of natural matters in organic viticulture

Modern viticulture requires the replacement of hazardous agrochemicals with eco-friendly, bio-based products such as microbial preparations that  enhance grape and wine quality while protecting the grapevine from pest and disease attacks. This study investigated the effects of a commercially available Bacillusbased preparation on the volatile and sensory properties of wines made from Vitis vinifera, cv. Prokupac grapes. Three different concentrations of preparation based on Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 were applied to grapevines two weeks prior to harvest. The total soluble solids in the grapes was affected by the application of B. subtilis Ch-1 and the alcohol content of the wine made from these grapes was greater. Wines made from the B. subtilis Ch-13-treated grapes showed an average increase in total phenolic compounds of about 27%, compared to the wine made from the untreated control grapes. The colour intensity of wines from the treated grapes, independently of the concentration, was higher by more than 30% than for the wine from the control grape sample. The B. subtilis Ch-13 treatment also affected the content of 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl decanoate and ethyl octanoate in the wine, at about 35%, 40% and 20%, respectively. The latter compounds are responsible for floral and fruity aromas. Generally, wines made from the treated grapes showed similar sensorial characteristics but scored better overall than the control. Principal component analysis showed a clear differentiation between wine made from the control and that from the B. subtilis Ch-13-treated grapes. The results suggest that the application of B. subtilis Ch-13 to grapevines two weeks prior to harvest has a positive effect on wine quality.

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Modulation of Aroma and Sensory Properties of Prokupac Wines by a Bacillus-based Preparation Applied to Grapes Prior to Harvest

This paper analyses motion trajectory of vibro-impact system based on the oscillator moving along the rough parabolic line in the vertical plane, under the action of external single-frequency force. Nonideality of the bond originates of sliding Coulomb’s type friction force with coefficient . The oscillator consists of one heavy mass particle whose forced motion is limited by two angular elongation fixed limiters. The differential equation of motion of the analyzed vibro-impact system, which belongs to the group of common second order nonhomogenous nonlinear differential equations, cannot be solved explicitly (in closed form). For its approximate solving, the software package WOLFRAM Mathematica 7 is used. The results are tested by using the software package MATLAB R2008a. The combination of analytical-numerical results for the defined parameters of analyzed vibro-impact system is a base for the motion analysis visualization, which was the primary objective of this analytic research. Upon the phase portrait of the heavy mass particle obtained, the energy of the considered vibro-impact system is analyzed. During the graphical visualization of the energetic changes, one of the steps is the process of the phase trajectory equations determination. For this determination, we have used interpolation process that utilizes Lagrange interpolation polynomial.

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Vibro-Impact System Based on Forced Oscillations of Heavy Mass Particle along a Rough Parabolic Line

The present investigations entitled “Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil health and productivity of pomegranate cv Kandhari Kabuli” were conducted in the experimental orchard of Department of Fruit Science, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, during the year 2009 and 2010. The study was laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice. Therefore in the present investigation the pomegranate trees were treated with different treatment combination of vermicompost; FYM; biofertilizers; green manure and inorganic fertilizers at 20kg tree, 20 kg tree, 80 g/tree and 50, 75 and 100 % RDF. Among the different treatment combination VC20 + B80 + FYM20+ GM + NPK75 (T10) i.e. vermicompost (20 kg tree) + FYM (20 kg tree) + Biofertilizer ( 80 g tree) + Green manure (Crotalaria juncea L.) and 75 % of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers during the year 2009 and 2010 was found to be most effective in producing better yield and quality. However, increased physico-chemical and biological properties (organic carbon, water holding capacity, porosity, particle density, available soil nutrient status, leaf nutrient status, Azotobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Soil fungi., Actinomycetes sp and AM spore population) of the soil was observed with treatment VC20 + B80 + FYM20+ GM + RDF (T20), but were found to be statistically at par with treatment combination VC20 + B80 + FYM20+ GM + NPK75 (T10) during both the years of study. Signature of the Major Advisor Signature of the Student Countersigned Professor and Head, Department of Fruit Science, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (H.P)-173230

Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil health and productivity of pomegranate

The recommended cultivars for top quality wines Riesling in the vineyards of Grocka is in full crop. It was grafted on Kober 5 BB stock and planted on the soil type cambysoil. The content of total nitrogen is 0.1-0.15%. Supply of easily available potassium varies between 12.3-15 mg/100g a.d.s.2, i.e. phosphorus 0.4-3.6 mg/100g a.d.s. in layer up to 40 cm. Microbiological fertilizer was used in the study - biological preparation prepared with mixed natural populations Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus circulons. The space in row is idle land and the space between rows was sown each year (March-April) with a mixture of field pea and barley and ploughed in the inflorescence phase of legumes. Grape yield varied between 8772-6804 kg/ha. Microbiological fertilizer with Azotobacter had the highest yield and the control treatment had the lowest yield, where only grass mixture was sown. Extremely dry climatic conditions in the trial period caused the grape yield in cv. Riesling to be extremely low. In combination of fertilizers Bacillus megaterium + Bacillus circulons wine with the most ethanol, extracts and polyphenols was obtained. The wine obtained from the control treatment had a typical taste.

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Application of microbiological fertilizers in viticulture: Grape yield and quality of wine cv. Riesling

The paper is based on the analysis motion of vibro-impact system based on oscillator with two degrees of freedom moving along the circular rough line in vertical plane under the influence of external single frequency force. Non-ideality of the bonds originates of the sliding Coulomb’s type friction coefficient μ = tg α0. The oscillator is composed of two mass particles-pellets, whose free motion is limited by two angular elongation limiter. Non-impact motion of the mass particles under the action of external single frequency force, divided into appropriate intervals, is described by two differential equations of motion which belong to a group of ordinary non-linear homogeneous second order differential equations. The differential equations of motion of the observed vibro-impact system are solved by using software packages. The combination of analytical and numerical results for the specific kinetic parameters of the observed vibro-impact systems is the basis for graphic visualization of motion which was the subject of this analytical research. The original contribution of this paper is in the form of established methodology of the process of determining time interval and position at the moment of collision.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.18.6.3159

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S. Jovic

Papers

Application of microbiological fertilizers in viticulture: Grape yield and quality of wine cv. Riesling

The phase portrait of the vibro-impact dynamics of two mass particle motions along rough circle