Adsorption of malachite green onto bentonite: Equilibrium and kinetic studies and process design

Designing mine tailings for better environmental, social and economic outcomes: a review of alternative approaches

Insights into the mechanism of cationic dye adsorption on activated charcoal: The importance of π–π interactions

Systems and methods for lowering levels of carbon dioxide and other atmospheric pollutants are provided. Economically viable systems and processes capable of removing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and other atmospheric pollutants from gaseous waste streams and sequestering them in storage-stable forms are also discussed.

Systems and methods for processing co2

Slurry rheology in wet ultrafine grinding of industrial minerals: a review

The majority of iron ores must be ground to a fine particle size to allow the iron oxides they contain to be concentrated, and the concentrate must then be agglomerated back into large enough particles that they can be processed in blast furnaces. The most common agglomeration technique is pelletization, which requires the use of binders to hold the iron oxide grains together so that the agglomerates can be sintered into high-strength pellets. Although bentonite clay is the most commonly used binder, there are many other possibilities that could be competitive in a number of situations. This article reviews the numerous types of binders (both organic and inorganic) that have been considered for iron ore pelletization, including discussion of the binding mechanisms, advantages and limitations of each type, and presentation of actual pelletization results, so that the performance of the various types of binders can be compared and evaluated.

A review of binders in iron ore pelletization

There is provided a process for the capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide that would otherwise enter the atmosphere and contribute to global warming and other problems. CO2 capture is accomplished by reacting carbon dioxide in flue gas with an alkali metal carbonate, or a metal oxide, particularly containing an alkaline earth metal or iron, to form a carbonate salt. A preferred carbonate for CO2 capture is a dilute aqueous solution of additive-free (Na2CO3). Other carbonates include (K2CO3) or other metal ion that can produce both a carbonate and a bicarbonate salt. Examples of suitable metal oxides include several alkaline earths including CaO and MgO. The captured CO2 is preferably sequestered using any available mineral or industrial waste that contains calcium magnesium or iron in non- carbonate forms, or iron in the Fe+2 oxidation state.

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Capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide in flue gases

This review examines the factors that affect the isoelectric point (IEP) and the magnitude of the Zeta potential for hematite. It addresses the various values that have been reported in the literature, with natural hematite typically having a more acidic IEP than does high-purity synthetic hematite. The key finding is that the IEP for natural hematite is very similar to that for silica. This is consistent with a coating of silica slimes forming on natural hematite, causing the hematite surfaces to behave as if they were silica surfaces. Adsorption of chemical reagents on the hematite surfaces causes changes in the magnitude of the Zeta potential, generally without changing the IEP.

Factors Affecting Zeta Potential of Iron Oxides

A tremendous amount of research has been done on refining the flotation process for iron ore and designing the reagents which go into it. This paper reviews the industrial practices and fundamental...

Flotation of iron ores: A review

Low-grade iron ores are finely ground and processed to recover iron-bearing minerals. However, the iron-rich powder is too fine to be used directly in blast furnaces and most direct reduction furnaces, and must be agglomerated or pelletized into a usable product called “pellets.” Bentonite clay has traditionally been used as a binder to make iron ore concentrate pellets, but it is expensive and contaminates the pellets. Organic binders may be a viable alternative to bentonite clay. This manuscript reviews organic materials that have been used to make iron ore concentrate pellets. Included are discussions on the development of organic binders, common pros and cons to organic binder use, organic binder structure and its effects on agglomeration, and additives to organic binders.

S. K. Kawatra

Papers

A review of binders in iron ore pelletization

Capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide in flue gases

Factors Affecting Zeta Potential of Iron Oxides

Flotation of iron ores: A review

Review of organic binders for iron ore concentrate agglomeration