Superabsorbent Polymer Materials: A Review

https://web.ics.purdue.edu/~kpark/Published%20Papers/Omidian,%2005%20JCR.pdf?origin=publication_detail

Advances in superporous hydrogels.

Synthesis of fast-swelling superabsorbent hydrogels: effect of crosslinker type and concentration on porosity and absorption rate

This review encompasses definitions, classification, main properties, and application of polymer hydrogels. Raw materials and preparation techniques of polymer hydrogels were described. The factors that affect absorption capacity and swelling properties of polymer hydrogels were reviewed. PHG materials are defined as a viscoelastic network structure, swellable and not soluble in water with high absorbent capacity, which may reach 1000 g/g of their dried weight to be termed “superabsorbent polymer hydrogels”. PHGs have the ability to release absorbed fluids under certain circumstances.

Polymer Hydrogels: A Review

Hydrogels having improved elasticity and mechanical strength properties are obtained by subjecting a hydrogel formulation containing a strengthening agent to chemical or physical crosslinking conditions subsequent to initial gel formation. Superporous hydrogels having improved elasticity and mechanical strength properties are similarly obtained whenever the hydrogel formulation is provided with a foaming agent. Interpenetrating networks of polymer chains comprised of primary polymer(s) and strengthening polymer(s) are thereby formed. The primary polymer affords capillary-based water sorption properties while the strengthening polymer imparts significantly enhanced mechanical strength and elasticity to the hydrogel or superporous hydrogel. Suitable strengthening agents can be natural or synthetic polymers, polyelectrolytes, or neutral, hydrophilic polymers.

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Hydrogels having enhanced elasticity and mechanical strength properties

This paper is devoted to the synthesis and characterization of superabsorbent polymers based on acrylic acid. These hydrogels were prepared by carrying the inverse suspension polymerization in an aromatic hydrocarbon. The dispersion is stabilized by the mixture of micromolecular and macromolecular emulsifiers. To obtain high swelling and appropriate absorption kinetics, parameters such as initial monomer and cross-linker concentration, range of neutralization, monomer addition rate, temperature, initiating system, stabilizing system, and nature of the organic phase were studied but not reviewed here. Thus, based on these topics a basic formula is obtained to display the effect of some structural parameters on behaviour of superabsorbents utilized. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Synthesis and characterization of acrylic‐based superabsorbents

This article is devoted to the synthesis, characterization, and modification of acrylic-based superabsorbents which are synthesized by carrying out the well-known process of inverse suspension polymerization. The dispersion is stabilized by using a mixture of micromolecular and macromolecular stabilizers. High swelling and appropriate absorption kinetics are obtained, provided that parameters (including initial monomer and crosslinker concentration, range of neutralization degree, initiating and stabilizing system, monomer addition rate, temperature and nature of the organic phase) are being considered. Modifications of crosslinker and comonomer nature and their effects on absorbency characteristics (capacity and rate) of the above-mentioned superabsorbents are graphically presented. Finally, diffusion behavior of superabsorbents is briefly discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Modifying acrylic‐based superabsorbents. I. Modification of crosslinker and comonomer nature

This article is devoted to the synthesis, characterization, and modification of acrylic-based superabsorbents which are synthesized by inverse suspension and solution polymerization techniques. Distilled and saline water absorbency of these hydrogels and the effects of varying process nature on their absorbency characteristics (capacity and rate) are graphically discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

S. Nafisi

Papers

Synthesis and characterization of acrylic‐based superabsorbents

Modifying acrylic‐based superabsorbents. I. Modification of crosslinker and comonomer nature

Modifying acrylic-based superabsorbents. II. Modification of process nature