Interfacially formed organized planar inorganic, polymeric and composite nanostructures.

The essential data on the immobilisation of nanoscale and cluster metal particles in polymeric matrices are considered and systematised for both macroligands and the matrices formed in situ. Special attention is paid to the controlled chemical passivation (stabilisation) of extremely active particles of colloidal size using high-molecular-weight compounds. The routes of formation of polymer-immobilised nanoparticles directly in the polymer medium are analysed. This allows the preparation of compositions characterised not only by the most regular distribution of these particles over the bulk of polymer but also by a strong chemical interaction between the components. Studies in the field of polymer-analogous transformations, which offer a promising approach to the binding of mono- and heterometallic clusters as a new direction in the physicochemistry of nanoparticles, are discussed in detail. The peculiarities of the immobilisation of clusters, polynuclear structures, and nanoparticles by synthetic polymers, on the one hand, and by biopolymers, on the other hand, are considered. The basic fields of the application of the products obtained and the prospects of the development of this direction are outlined. The bibliography includes 394 references.

Polymer-immobilised nanoscale and cluster metal particles

Interfacial nanofabrication strategies in development of new functional nanomaterials and planar supramolecular nanostructures for nanoelectronics and nanotechnology

Interfacial synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles

The main features of nano-sized thermites are reviewed with the purpose to compare the performance of most reactive nanothermites showing high combustion front velocities of up to 2500 m s−1 with that of primary explosives. Because these regimes do propagate only at very low relative density of nano-thermites and as convective burning waves rather than detonations, the initiating capacity of these nanocompositions, compared to promises, is yet much lower than that of the primary explosives. Hybrid mixtures of nanothermite with high explosive offer practically interesting triggering potential and present a more promising way for substituting lead-based “not green” primary explosives. A threshold size of nanothermite particles is evaluated above which the dynamics of flame propagation in nanothermites can be reasonably described based on the principles of continuum mechanics and classical thermodynamics.

S.P. Gubin

Papers

Chemistry of clusters