https://innovativemobility.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Ridesharing_in_North_America_Past__Present__and_Future.pdf

Ridesharing in North America: Past, Present, and Future

Transit operations are interrupted frequently by stochastic variations in traffic and ridership conditions that deteriorate schedule or headway adherence and thus lengthen passenger wait times. Providing passengers with accurate vehicle arrival information through advanced traveler information systems is vital to reducing wait time. Two artificial neural networks (ANNs), trained by link-based and stop-based data, are applied to predict transit arrival times. To improve prediction accuracy, both are integrated with an adaptive algorithm to adapt to the prediction error in real time. The bus arrival times predicted by the ANNs are assessed with the microscopic simulation model CORSIM, which has been calibrated and validated with real-world data collected from route number 39 of the New Jersey Transit Corporation. Results show that the enhanced ANNs outperform the ones without integration of the adaptive algorithm.

Dynamic Bus Arrival Time Prediction with Artificial Neural Networks

Holding is one of the most commonly used real-time control strategies in transit operations. Given a transit network and its operations plan, the holding problem is to decide at a given time at a control station, which vehicle is to be held and for how long, such that the total passenger cost along the route is minimized over a time period. Previous research on the holding problem has always assumed no real-time information available. Such an assumption not only poses great difficulties in solving the problem, but also limits practical applications in a real-time, dynamic operations environment. In this paper we formulate the holding problem as a deterministic quadratic program in a rolling horizon scheme, and develop an efficient solution algorithm to solve it. Using headway data collected by an automated system, we tested the algorithm and evaluated the impact of the resulting holding policies. Important and interesting properties of the holding solution, obtained from both theoretical and computational analyses, are presented.

The Holding Problem with Real-Time Information Available

Automatic data collection (ADC) systems are becoming increasingly common in transit systems throughout the world. Although these ADC systems are often designed to support specific fairly narrow functions, the resulting data can have wide-ranging applications, well beyond their design purpose. This paper illustrates the potential that ADC systems can provide transit agencies with new rich data sources at low marginal cost, as well as the critical gap between what ADC systems directly offer and what is needed in practice in transit agencies. To close this gap requires data processing/analysis methods with support of technologies such as database management systems and geographic information systems. This work presents a case study of the automatic fare collection (AFC) system of the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) rail system and develops a method for inferring rail passenger trip origin-destination (OD) matrices from an origin-only AFC system to replace expensive passenger OD surveys. A software tool is created to facilitate the method implementation. Results of the application in CTA are given.

Estimating a Rail Passenger Trip Origin-Destination Matrix Using Automatic Data Collection Systems

An emergency vehicle traffic light preemption system for preemption of traffic lights at an intersection to allow safe passage of emergency vehicles. The system includes a real-time status monitor of an intersection which is relayed to a control module for transmission to emergency vehicles as well as to a central dispatch office. The system also provides for audio warnings at an intersection to protect pedestrians who may not be in a position to see visual warnings or for various reasons cannot hear the approach of emergency vehicles. A transponder mounted on an emergency vehicle provides autonomous control so the vehicle operator can attend to getting to an emergency and not be concerned with the operation of the system. Activation of a priority-code (i.e. Code-3) situation provides communications with each intersection being approached by an emergency vehicle and indicates whether the intersection is preempted or if there is any conflict with other approaching emergency vehicles. On-board diagnostics handle various information including heading, speed, and acceleration sent to a control module which is transmitted to an intersection and which also simultaneously receives information regarding the status of an intersection. Real-time communications and operations software allow central and remote monitoring, logging, and command of intersections and vehicles.

/pdf/emergency-vehicle-traffic-signal-preemption-system-adfespfkac.pdf

Emergency vehicle traffic signal preemption system

This report documents one of the early initiatives of UMTA's Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) Program, a program structured to undertake research and development of innovative applications of advanced navigation, information, and communication technologies that most benefit public transportation. This report contains the results of a limited investigation of the extent of adoption of advanced technology in the provision of public transportation service in North America. It focused on some of the most innovative or comprehensive implementations, categorized broadly under the APTS program elements of Market Development, Customer Interface, Vehicle Operations and Communications, and High Occupancy Vehicle Facility Operations. The objective of this effort was to increase the industry's knowledge of successful applications of advanced technologies with the expectation that this will lead to their widespread adoption.

https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/2622/dot_2622_DS1.pdf

Advanced public transportation systems - the state of the art

This report contains a description of the Service and Methods Demonstration Program for Fiscal Year 1977. Program activities and accomplishments are reviewed, including current and future demonstration project descriptions, project findings, and other support activities. Results of demonstration projects and studies leading to or in support of demonstrations are summarized. Areas where there are gaps in the understanding of innovative concepts are mentioned, together with future projects aimed at obtaining necessary experience to arrive at more conclusive understanding of the applicability and potential of these concepts. Other activities carried out in support of the demonstrations are reviewed, such as the development of structured approach to project evaluations, studies of independently initiated local innovations, and the information dissemination program. /UMTA/

S P Prensky

Papers

Advanced public transportation systems - the state of the art

Service and methods demonstration program annual report