Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in soybeans (Glycine max. L.) [Egypt].

Cow–calf operations constitute the main land-use system in the 18 million ha of well drained tropical savannas of Colombia located in the Orinoco basin. There, numerous sex and age animal categories are present, ranging from suckling calves to old cull cows and steers, which in variable proportions are stocked at one animal unit (AU)/5–10 ha, depending on the ranch and distance from markets. In parallel, early-on farm observations showed that when sown pastures are introduced, graziers recur to opportunistic partial fattening of cull animals for a rapid economic return. The paper reports animal weight gains of cull cows, old steers, and young heifers and yearlings over seven consecutive years grazing on a low fertiliser-input well managed Andropogon gayanus-based pasture and four contemporary years on Brachiaria humidicola. The first 2 years involved three stocking rates (SR; 1.38, 1.85 and 2.32 animal units/ha), whereas a single SR of 1.33 animal units/ha was used for the remainder. A large database that included chemical, and in vitro and in vivo digestibility, values for all forages involved, was used as an input to a mathematical model to estimate methane (CH4) emissions. Estimations were compared with weight-based predictions derived from chamber measurements recorded recently in tropical Australia. Faecal mineral concentration varied little (not significantly) among SR and animal categories. Weight gains of old steers were 4–24% larger than those of cull cows, which, in turn, were larger than those of young steers and heifers (P < 0.01). Excepting one year, the performance of cull cows and old steers did not differ between pastures, confirming earlier on-ranch observations of reasonable weight gains of adult cattle on both pastures. The predicted carcass composition of cull cows and old steers did not differ between pastures either. Over the length of the experiment, cull cows emitted significantly less CH4 than did old steers (129 vs 141 g/day) on A. gayanus, while emissions on B. humidicola amounted to 128 and 137 g/day respectively. Despite between-year differences in animal performance, they are indicative of well managed pasture sustainability. They also show some of the trade-offs involved in the use of contrasting animal categories and pastures in terms of weight performance and predicted carcass composition and CH4 production. The authors expect that the present results will contribute to a rational, science-based discussion of the role of beef systems vis-a-vis environment in a region with limited production alternatives.

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Bodyweight performance, estimated carcass traits and methane emissions of beef-cattle categories grazing Andropogon gayanus, Melinis minutiflora and Stylosanthes capitata mixed swards and Brachiaria humidicola pasture

Sugarcane is a perennial, tropical; monocotyledonous crop which is cultivated in tropical and subtropical region of the world primarily for its ability to store high concentration of sugar in the inter-node and propagate through stem cutting. It grows under varied soil and climatic conditions, but its productivity is generally limited by abiotic and biotic stresses, as it has to face vagaries of nature during its yearlong life in the field. National production of it is 366.80 million tones and productivity is 69.20 t/ha whereas productivity in Bihar is 50 t/ha (2014-15, Indian Sugar February, 2016). In India 10 -30 per cent of sugarcane area is affected by water logging which is one of the major constraints affecting crop productivity in the IndoGangetic belt and the coastal area about 73 per cent annual rainfall in India is received during the southwest monsoon (June to September) which is primary cause for water logging. North Bihar is main sugarcane growing tract where about 35-40 per cent of sugarcane cultivated area remains waterlogging during monsoon season which coincides with the grand growth period of the crop. In water-logged areas, cane yield generally declined by 15-20 per cent. If the water-logging is in the early stage of crop growth it affects the germination, tillering and International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 7 (2017) pp. 1187-1192 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

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Estimation of Extent of Variability for Various Productive Traits in Sugarcane under Water-Logged Condition

Varieties differ in degree of tolerance to water-logging based on certain inherent genetic characteristics, age of the crops and other growing conditions. A large difference in varietal response to water-logging in sugarcane has been reported. The varieties which are doing comparatively well under water-logging situation are BO91, BO110 and BO147, therefore only these three varieties cover more than 40% sugarcane cultivated area in Bihar. The recovery of sugarcane in Bihar has been found lower than the other states of India since last 3 decade. Sugar industries in Bihar is facing several challenges and most of the sugarcane industries are closed since last three decade due to various reason, among them major is 35-40 per cent of sugarcane growing area (presently total area In a field experiment sixteen sugarcane clones including two checks were planted with three replications in RBD at Paddy Block, RAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar during 2012-13 under low land area where its grand growth phase coincides with water-stagnation depth 40-45 cm for three months to study the variability, heritability and genetic advance of Sugarcane clones under water-logging condition for the traits viz, Germination Percentage at 45 days, Number of Shoots at 120 days, Plant Height at 150, 240 and 360 days, Cane diameter, NMC, Single Cane weight, Red Rot Score, Brix at 10,11 and 12 month, Pol at 10, 11 and 12 month, Purity at 10, 11 and 12 month, CCS Per cent at harvest and Cane yield. Highly significant variation was observed for all traits except purity at 10 and 11 month stage and CCS percent at harvest. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean found for traits viz. number of shoots at 120 days, plant height at 240 and 360 days and single cane weight which will in favor of direct selection. Highest GCV and PCV were recorded for number of shoots at 120 days followed by plant height at 240 days and plant height at 360 days, indicating the importance of these traits to evaluate for water-logging tolerance. Comparatively the maximum phenotypic and genotypic variance were exhibited by the traits viz. plant height at 360 and 240 days, number of shoots at 120 days, plant height at 150 days, number of millable canes and cane yield (t/ ha).Number of shoots at 120 days, plant height at 240 days, plant height at 360 days, and single cane weight showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. Hence, direct selection can be done through these characters for future improvement of varieties. K e y w o r d s

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Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Cane Yield and its Contributing Traits in Sugarcane Clones under Waterlogged Condition

The cultivated varieties of sugarcane are interspecific hybrids involving at least three species, S. officinarum, S. barberi and S. spontaneum which themselves represent complex polyploidy. The chromosome number among varieties varies from 2n = 100 to 120. It is for this reason the sugarcane varieties are botanically described as Saccharum spp. complex hybrid. The heterozygous and polyploid nature of this crop has resulted in generation of greater genetic variability. The extent of genetic variability present in any crop is of paramount importance for its improvement. The information on the nature and the magnitude of variability present in the genetic material is of prime importance for a breeder to initiate any effective selection program. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation along with heritability as well as genetic advance are very essential to improve productive trait of sugarcane because this would help in knowing whether or not the desired objective can be achieved from the material (Tyagi and Singh, 1998). So, present study was under taken to assess the extent of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance of some important traits of early maturing sugarcane International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 05 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Assessment of Genetic Parameters for Various Productive Traits in Early Maturing Sugarcane

Sugarcane is a perennial, tropical monocotyledonous crop which is cultivated in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world primarily for its ability to store high concentrations of sugar in the inter-nodes of the stem and propagated through stem cuttings. Sugarcane cultivation spans a wide region located between 35 0 N to 35 0 S of the equator. The agro-climatic conditions under which sugarcane grow, affect the duration and the productivity of the crop. The tropical climates permit longer periods of crop growth which result in higher cane yields, but not necessarily the highest sugar content in the cane. The climatic conditions of the production environment determine the kind of genetic material which would adapt to such conditions. The varietal requirements and breeding objectives differ according to the agro-climatic region. Sugarcane is an important cash crop of world as well as India. Sugar industry being the second largest agrobased processing industry after textile, contributes 2.0% of the gross domestic product in India. Sugarcane is grown under diverse conditions in india, nearly comparable to those in the rest of the world. The area under sugarcane in india is divided into five agro-climatic zones,each of which has a separate breeding programme. Thus present investigation was conducted in sugarcane to eastimat the variability, heritability and International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 2 (2017) pp. 1272-1278 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Estimation of the Extent of Variability for Different Morphological and Juice Quality Characters Among Early Generation Sugarcane Clones

Different sigmoidal nonlinear growth models were fitted in the growth data of triple cross (Friesian×Sahiwal×Hariana) breed and double cross (Friesian×Sahiwal) breed at Agra and Dehradun farms which have different climatic conditions. On the basis of minimum RMSE, the Gompertz model was found to be the best fit. The estimates of growth rates and maturity weights of Friesian×Sahiwal×Hariana breed were considered better under homoscedastic and heteroscedastic error conditions at the Agra farm. Similarly, the growth rates and maturity weights of Friesian×Sahiwal breed were better at the Agra farm, as compared to the Dehradun farm. Therefore, it may be concluded that the climate of Agra (plain area) was more suitable for both the breeds for attaining the maturity weight, as compared to Dehradun (hilly area).

Study of Growth Pattern of Cattle Under Different Climatic Conditions

Seed protein profiling of advanced generations of two families in Indian mustard through SDS-PAGE.

Logistic and Gompertz growth models are fitted in growth data for Friesian × Sahiwal (F × S) and Friesian × Sahiwal × Haryana (F × S × H) breed at Agra station, Gompertz model gives better fit than Logistic model. The Generalized Least Squares (GLS) estimates are found to be more precise than Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimates for both Logistic as well as Gompertz model under heteroscedastic error condition for both breeds. Growth is found better for F × S × H breed, therefore, triple cross may have increased maturing rate while asymptotic weight (mature weight) is found better for F × S breed. Breed type significantly affects weight at maturity.

Study of growth pattern of cattle under different error structures

Cheese manufacture is one of the classical examples of food preservation, dating from 6000 – 7000 BC. Cheese exploits two classical principles of food preservation, i.e. lactic acid fermentation and reduction of water activity through removal of water and addition of NaCl. Establishment of low redox potential and secretion of antibiotics by starter microorganisms contributes to the storage stability of cheese. The biomedical superiority has not been promoted widely in marketing of goat milk, goat yoghurt and goat cheeses, but has great potential in justifying the uniqueness of goat milk in human nutrition and medicine (Babayan, 1981; Haenlein, 1992) for treating various gastrointestinal disorders and diseases, besides its value in alleviating cow milk allergies.

S. P. Singh

Papers

Estimation of the Extent of Variability for Different Morphological and Juice Quality Characters Among Early Generation Sugarcane Clones

Study of Growth Pattern of Cattle Under Different Climatic Conditions

Seed protein profiling of advanced generations of two families in Indian mustard through SDS-PAGE.

Study of growth pattern of cattle under different error structures

Effect of Breed and Method of Preparation on Yield of Goat Milk Mozzarella Cheese