higher classification of the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera): a tentative arrangement

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The Lepidoptera Form Function And Diversity

Behavioural strategies of some lycaenid butterflies in relation to nutrition of host and nectar plants

The resource utilization by nine species of bumblebees in a subarctic community was studied by analysing the distribution of the depths of the corolla tubes of the visited flower species. When measured in this way, the food niches of the bumblebee species showed a wide overlap. Species with a long proboscis could use flowers with short corolla tubes for feeding, whereas the reverse was rare. We postulate that foraging efficiency is maximal when the proboscis length of a species corresponds to the corolla tube depth of the flower visited. An analysis of published data supports this hypothesis. The paucity of plant species with deep corolla tubes thus explains the small number and low abundance of bumblebee species with long proboscis. The continuously changing pattern of corolla tube depths due to the seasonal succession of plant species facilitates the coexistence of many bumblebee species in a community in spite of small differences in proboscis length.

Resource partitioning in bumblebees: the significance of differences in proboscis length [Bombus, corolla tube depth, Abisko, Sweden]

Application of geometric morphometrics in the body shapes of flying fish (Parexocoetus brachypterus) in Maitum, Sarangani Province.

A laboratory examination was done on the morphometric variation of lycaenid butterflies. Identifying characteristics, viz. forewing length (FWL), hind wing length (HWL), body length (BdL) and antennal length (AntL) were used for the analysis. A total of 514 individuals of lycaenid butterflies was identified under two subfamilies Polyommatinae and Theclinae. Among them 265 individuals were placed under 19 species of Polyommatinae and 249 individuals under 25 species of Theclinae. ANOVA tests were conducted to find differences between the butterfly species of the two subfamilies through identifying characters like FWL (F=10.37, P=0.005), HWL (F=3.81, P=0.067), BdL (F=5.78, P=0.027) and AntL (F=2.77, P=0.114). A linear regression analysis of FWL, HWL, BdL and AntL of the species under the two subfamilies showed significant differences between Polyommatinae and Theclinae. These differences stand among the species of both the subfamilies and produced good results to identify the species more correctly.

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Morphometric variation in the species of two subfamilies of lycaenid butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) of Bangladesh

An attempt was made to examine butterfly proboscis length and their significance in carrying out activities of the butterflies in relation to their nectar plants. Observations were made in seven selected areas (viz. Satchari, Modhupur, Rema-kalenga, Shaltila, Bhawal National Park, and Botanical and Zoological gardens of the Curzon hall area) from July 2014 to June 2015. Thirty four butterfly species of seven families, viz. Hesperiidae, Nymphalidae, Danaidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae and Satyridae, were observed. The strategic activities of proboscis in different butterflies were examined when they were used in foraging activity. The proboscis length of butterflies was measured during the study period. Nectar plants were identified in the laboratory. The corolla length of the nectar plants was measured in the field and found a good relation with the proboscis length of the butterflies. Among the observed species, hesperiid butterflies comparatively contain long proboscis, and can visit flowers up to 28 mm long corolla tube. The results obtained, indicate that the butterfly proboscis had significant role in co-evolution between the butterfly species and the flowers of the nectar plants.

/pdf/butterfly-probosces-and-their-functional-relations-with-the-4mhwv4t7ka.pdf

Butterfly probosces and their functional relations with the nectar plants in some selected forests

A through study was conducted on the basking behaviour of some nymphalid butterflies in the fields of Bhawal national park, Rema-Kalenga, Zoological and Botanical Gardens of the University of Dhaka. The time budget and the wing-posture activities of butterflies during basking period were studied butterfly species under the family Nymphalidae. The experimental species were Junonia atlites, J. almana, J. iphita, Neptis soma, Labadea martha, Ergolis ariadne, Phalantha phalantha, Hypolimnas bolina and Athyma perius. Different types of wing postures (viz. appressed, horizontal, angled and closed type) were also recorded. It is found that butterflies take more time for their basking during winter season. Most of them prefer the month of November and December for their basking. The observations reveal that thermal basking increases the temperature in the butterfly body. It directly implies how thermoregulation associated with behavioural activities in different abiotic conditions. The results also showed the importance of wing postures for thermoregulation. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(1): 63-72

Basking behaviour in some nymphalid butterflies of Bangladesh

Length-weight relationship, condition factor and relative condition factor of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus, Bloch) were studied over a period of eleven months from April 2007 to February 2008. A total of 297 fish samples were collected from Khulna and Bagerhat districts. The length-weight relationship of A. testudineus was linear and the equations for total length-body weight and standard length-body weight were  (r2=0.94) and  (r2=0.94), respectively. The coefficient of correlation indicates that the relationship between length and weight of the fish was highly significant. The maximum and the minimum values of the condition factor were 24.594 (body weight 26.1 g) and 17.809 (body weight 18.9 g), respectively with the mean value of 20.522±1.248. The relative condition factor varied from 0.883 (body weight 12.7 g) to 1.225 (body weight 26.1g) with the mean value of 1.014±0.061.

/pdf/length-weight-relationship-and-condition-factor-of-climbing-l5cvh0lv.pdf

S Rahman

Papers

Morphometric variation in the species of two subfamilies of lycaenid butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) of Bangladesh

Butterfly probosces and their functional relations with the nectar plants in some selected forests

Basking behaviour in some nymphalid butterflies of Bangladesh

Length-weight relationship and condition factor of climbing perch (anabas testudineus, bloch)