The antioxidant activity of the tinctures of some medicinal plants has been studied using a pulsed voltammetric technique. The effective concentrations are evaluated and the series of antioxidant and radical-scavenging activity determined. The most pronounced antioxidant properties are observed forHypericum,Ginseng,Rhodiola, andEleutherococcus species. The possible mechanisms of antioxidant and radical-scavenging activity in humans are discussed.

Антиоксидантные свойства лекарственных растений

The review summarizes information from the literature on the distribution, systematics, study of the composition and biological activity of metabolites, total extracts of plants of the genus Agastache J.Clayton ex Gronov. To date, 22 species of the genus are known, most of them are endemic to North America. Only one species – Agastache rugosa is grows in Asia and Russian Far East. Only 7 species of this genus are known to be used in ethnomedicine. In the world's official medicine, species of the genus are not used, with the exception of A. rugosa, which is a means of traditional Chinese medicine and is part of several well-known, often prescribed herbal remedies. The most studied composition of metabolites and pharmacological properties of .Agastache rugosa, A. foeniculum, A.mexicana. There is no information in the literature about A.eplingiana, A. breviflora, A. cusickii, A.mearnsii, A. pallida, A. pallidiflora, A. palmeri. Over 90 substances related to terpenoids, fatty acids, phenolcarboxylic acids, tannins, vitamins, lignans, sterols, amino acids, flavonoids, macro- and microelements and etc. Total extracts and individual compounds of the studied species in the experiment have a wide range of pharmacological activity: anxiolytic, antidepressant, antihypertensive, antinociceptive, antibacterial, insecticidal, immunotropic, antiviral, antimutagenic, cytotoxic. The information provided in the review shows that plants of the genus Agastache, are promising for further study and use in various industries. 
Fragmentation and lack of information on the composition of metabolites, pharmacological activity of most species of the genus Agastache opens up great opportunities for researchers from different areas of scientific knowledge.

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Species of the genus agastache j.clayton ex gronov.: distribution, use, degree of knowledge (review)

Spatial dynamic simulation of important cash crops based on phenology with Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi as an example

Abstract. An experiment on the topic “Features of the growth and development of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi under conditions of introduction in the Middle Urals” was carried out at the educational farm “Uralets”. Purpose of the study: to study the influence of the feeding area on the growth and development of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. The objectives of the study were to study the influence of the feeding area on: the dynamics of height and average daily growth, dates of the onset and timing of phenological phases, biometric indicators of leaves and inflorescences, structural composition of aboveground biomass, productivity of aboveground and underground biomass. Research methods. The experiment scheme includes 3 options: 1 variant – 33 × 30 cm (990 cm2) – control; 2 variant – 33 × 45 cm (1485 cm2); 3 variant – 33 × 60 cm (1980 cm2). Results. It was found that an increase in the feeding area enhances the differentiation of plants in terms of the rate of passage of phenological phases. The earliest transition to the generative stage of development was noted in variants II and III (24.06). The maximum average daily gain was observed in the II and III decades of July, according to the variants it varied from 0.78 (1st stage) to 1.22 cm/day (III stage). The highest biological productivity was obtained in variant 3 with a feeding area of 33 × 60 cm; on average, it reached 251.5 g per plant, which is 162.2 g (181.6 %) higher than in the control. Scientific novelty. For the first time, there was studied, the influence of the feeding area on the most important aspects of the growth and development of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in the conditions of the Middle Urals. The optimal feeding area (1980 cm2) has been established, at which the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is able to form a fairly high productivity.

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Features of growth and development of scutellaria baicalensis georgi under conditions of introduction in the middle urals

Ключевые слова: пажитник греческий, фенологические фазы, семенная продуктивность, посевные качества семян. Пажитник греческий обладает высокими фармакологическими свойствами, включен в фармакопею многих стран мира. В качестве лекарственного сырья используются семена пажитника греческого. Наибольшая фармакологическая активность характерна для стероидных сапонинов, которые используются как для профилактики, так для лечения сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и атеросклероза. Исследование на тему «Особенности формирования продуктивности пажитника греческого (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) в условиях Среднего Урала» проводится в учебно-опытном хозяйстве «Уралец» на коллекционном участке лекарственных растений УрГАУ, расположенном в Белоярском районе Свердловской области. Цель исследования – изучить особенности формирования семенной продуктивности пажитника греческого. Посев семян осуществляли в открытый грунт, в начале мая. Глубина посева 2,0–3,0 см; после всходов проводили прореживание с таким расчетом, чтобы расстояние в рядке между растениями было 10 см, междурядье – 35 см; густота посева 30 растений/м2. В схему опыта включены три варианта: 1 – сорт «Гурман» (взят за контроль); 2 – «Шамбала»; 3 – «Хельба». Во втором и третьем вариантах изучались популяции пажитника из Египта. Проведенный сравнительный анализ пажитника дает основание говорить о том, что в природно-климатических условиях Среднего Урала лучшие результаты по годам исследования обеспечил пажитник греческий, популяция из Египта «Хельба»: общая семенная продуктивность составила 1,40 т/га, что на 0,09 т/га (6,87 %) выше, чем у пажитника сорта «Гурман», и на 0,21 т/га (16,03 %) больше, чем у пажитника «Шамбала».

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Peculiarities of formation of the productivity of the greek fenugreek (trigonella foenum-graecum l.) in the conditions of the middle urals

Abstract. Research on the introduction of lofant (Agastache rugosa) has been conducted by the Department of Crop Production and Breeding of the Ural State Agrarian University since 2013. Studied by sowing seeds in open ground, especially the growth and development of lofant Tibetan background on the various types of mineral fertilizers, the effect of physiologically active substances comparative assessment of the types and varieties of lofant. The research was carried out in the Uralets agricultural farm, located in the Beloyarskiy district of the Sverdlovsk region. Methods. Phenological and biometric observations of plant growth and development were carried out. The method for laying the experience is generally accepted according to B. A. Dospekhov. This article presents the results of the introduction work on the study of the seedling method of cultivation and application of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers, which had the most pronounced effect on productivity, as well as on the structural composition of aboveground biomass – the most important indicator of quality in the preparation of medicinal raw materials. Purpose of research. To identify the features of the formation of productivity of aboveground biomass of the Agastache rugosa in the natural and climatic conditions of the Middle Urals. The task was to study the influence of seedling cultivation method, as well as the introduction of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the productivity and structural composition of aboveground biomass of Agastache rugosa. Results. The study revealed a clear dependence of the productivity of Agastache rugosa on the time of sowing seeds for seedlings: the earlier the sowing period, the higher the productivity. The maximum yield of medicinal raw materials per unit area was obtained in the I variant (seeding on seedlings – March 10) – 25.2 t/ha, the minimum productivity was formed in the IV variant (seeding on seedlings – April 10), it was 16.2 t/ha, which is 35.7 % lower than in the I variant (on average for 2013–2015). It is established that the higher the level of nitrogen nutrition, the greater the biological productivity. The maximum productivity (on average for 2018–2020) was 29.5 t/ha (IV variant – N60 kg/ha). Scientific novelty. For the first time, in the conditions of the Middle Urals, the features of the formation of productivity of Agastache rugosa with the seedling method of cultivation and different levels of nitrogen fertilizers were determined. Established: the optimal time for sowing seeds for seedlings and the dose of nitrogen fertilizers, in which Agastache rugosa provides high productivity with an optimal structure of medicinal raw materials.

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Productivity of Tibetan lofant (Agastache rugosa) depending on agrotechnical methods of cultivation in the conditions of introduction in the Middle Urals

Abstract. A study was conducted at a collection site of medicinal plants of the Ural State Agrarian University, located in Beloyarskiy district, Sverdlovsk region. The soil of the experimental site – black soil podzol heavy loamy. The reaction of the medium is close to neutral (pH 6.5). The purpose of the research: to study the effect of various types of mineral fertilizers on the structure and productivity of the aboveground biomass of the Lophanthus tibeticus. The research objectives were to study the effects of fertilizers on height and daily average growth, biometric characteristics of inflorescences, structure and productivity of medicinal raw materials; seed productivity. Method of research. In the experiment, we used early winter sowing of seeds in open ground (late September – early October). Sowing wide-row (25×35 cm). The scheme of the experiment included 5 options: I – without fertilizer (control); II – N60; III – P60; IV – K60; V – N60P60K60. Results. In all variants with the use of fertilizers, In all variants with the use of fertilizers, the plants had an increase in biometric parameters, but the best results were obtained in the V variant: the height of the plants was at the level of 103 cm; the average daily growth of plants was from 0.43 to 2.57 cm; the number of inflorescences – 49 pcs. (on average, per plant), which had a positive effect on the composition of medicinal raw materials (the share of inflorescences was 17.1 %.); the productivity of aboveground biomass (on average over 2 years of research) was 26.2 t/ha; seed productivity ranged from 53.6 (10.09) to 57.3 g/m2 (25.09). Scientific novelty. For the first time, in the conditions of the Middle Urals studied the effect of mineral fertilizers on the most important aspects of the growth and development of the Lophanthus tibeticus. The best option was established in which the lofant had high productivity with an optimal structure of medicinal raw materials (V option – N60P60K60).

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Dynamics of the structural composition and productivity of the Lophanthus tibeticus under the influence of varios types of mineral fertilizers

Abstract. Introduction allows not only to expand the range of medicinal plants, but also to reduce the severity of the problem of their import substitution. In 2019, a study was conducted at the “Uralets” agricultural farm, on the collection spot of the Ural state agrarian University, to assess the effectiveness of the seedling method for the introduction of Nigella damascena. The purpose of the research: to study the formation of productivity of Nigella damascena in the Middle Urals. The research objectives were to study the most important aspects of the growth and development of Nigella damascena: phenological phases and their onset dates; dynamics of height and average daily growth, productivity. Method of research. During the experiment all observations and records were made according to generally accepted methods. The scheme of the experiment includes 3 options that differ in the timing of sowing seeds of Nigella damascena for seedlings: I – seeding on March 20th (control); II – seeding on March 30th; III – seeding on April 10th. Results. During the first two to three weeks, after planting seedlings in the open ground, the growth of plants was minimal, its value varied in variants from 0.14 (III variant) to 0.31 (I variant) mm per day. The earliest transition of plants to the generative stage of development was noted in I variant, where the budding phase occurred 9 days earlier than in 2 and 22 days earlier than in III variant. The period of mass flowering lasted until mid-August, single flowering – until the end of September. The largest seeds (weight of 100 seeds – 0.31–0.36 g) were obtained in I var. – 66.48 g/m2, significantly lower than in III variant – 11.16 g/m2. The maximum seed productivity is formed in I variant – 100.57 g/m2, the minimum in III variant – 38.93 g/m2. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the effectiveness of the seedling method of cultivation of Nigella damascena – a valuable medicinal plant in the Middle Urals has been studied. The optimal variant allowing to obtain high seed productivity is established.

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S. Saparklycheva

Papers

Features of growth and development of scutellaria baicalensis georgi under conditions of introduction in the middle urals

Peculiarities of formation of the productivity of the greek fenugreek (trigonella foenum-graecum l.) in the conditions of the middle urals

Productivity of Tibetan lofant (Agastache rugosa) depending on agrotechnical methods of cultivation in the conditions of introduction in the Middle Urals

Dynamics of the structural composition and productivity of the Lophanthus tibeticus under the influence of varios types of mineral fertilizers

Comparative performance assessment seedling method for the introduction of Nigella damascena L. in the Middle Urals