Micropropagation of orchids: A review on the potential of different explants

Seed germination and tissue culture of Cymbidium giganteum Wall. ex Lindl.

Asymbiotic seed germination, seedling development and reintroduction of Paphiopedilum wardii Sumerh., an endangered terrestrial orchid

Tissue culture techniques are routinely used for mass propagation and the establishment of disease free stock material. Virtually all pot type Anthuriums available in the market today are produced by tissue culture. In this chapter, we describe an efficient protocol to obtain Anthurium andreanum cv Rubrun vitro plants through micropropagation and organogenesis. Seeds from plant spadixes were germinated on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BA. Micro-cuttings from in vitro germinated seedlings were subcultured on MS medium containing 2 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA. Four-week-old in vitro plants obtained from microcuttings, showed callus proliferation at the stem base. The development of shoots and plantlets was observed from callus tissue. We also describe a detailed method for the histological analysis of callus tissue and a vitro plants acclimatization protocol.

Protocols for In Vitro Propagation of Ornamental Plants

Efficient shoot regeneration of Vanda coerulea was achieved using thin shoot tip sections and thidiazuron Protocorm-like bodies or proliferating shoot buds was observed when thin shoot tip sections were cultured on Vacin and Went's (VW) (1949) basal medium supplemented with 1135 µM thidiazuron The highest percentage of protocorm-like bodies (95%) survived and ultimately produced healthy shoots with 2 – 3 leaves when subjected to a 4 week thidiazuron treatment A culture period longer than 8 weeks with thidiazuron resulted in the formation of fasciated or distorted shoots Shoots produced roots when cultured on half strength VW basal medium supplemented with 1142 µM IAA The well rooted shoots were transferred to pots containing charcoal chips, coconut husk and broken tiles (2:2:1) and a 98% survival rate was achieved

Efficient Regeneration of Vanda Coerulea, an Endangered Orchid Using Thidiazuron

Rapid multiplication of endangered Vanda coerulea Griff ex. Lindl. (Orchidaceae) was achieved through culture of shoot tips of mature plants, shoot tips and leaf bases of 8-month-old axenic seedlings on Mitra et al. (1976) medium supplemented with 10% coconut water, 500 mg1-1 casein hydrolysate and a combination of 8.8 μM benzyladenine and 4.1 μM napthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Shoot tips (0.5 – 0.8 cm) cultured in both agar and agitated liquid media responded alike with direct formation of 3–12 shoot buds in 12 weeks, while callus-free formation of 3–8 protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) in 4–8 weeks was noticed in seedling leaf base segments (1.0–1.5 cm). Formation of new buds or PLBs, rapid growth of buds into shoots and emergence of shoots from PLBs occurred when the explants with proliferating buds / PLBs were subcultured in medium enriched with 35 g 1-1 banana pulp, 30% coconut water and 1.08 μM NAA. A maximum of 70 and 100 shoots of varied length were obtained from a single shoot tip/leaf base explant after 30 weeks of culture. Rooting of shoots (3.0–4.0 cm) occurred in medium containing 35 g 1-1 banana pulp and 1.08 μM NAA within 3–4 weeks. Rooted plants were established easily (95–100%) in community pots without hardening. The regenerated plants were cytologically stable (2n = 38). They were free from morphological, growth and flowering abnormalities. Eighty-five community potted plants were reintroduced into alien forest habitats at Ponmudi and Palode in southern ranges of the Western Ghats. They established at 70–80% rate.

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S. Seeni

Papers

In vitro multiplication and ecorehabilitation of the endangered Blue Vanda