Plasma-surface modification (PSM) is an effective and economical surface treatment technique for many materials and of growing interests in biomedical engineering This article reviews the various common plasma techniques and experimental methods as applied to biomedical materials research, such as plasma sputtering and etching, plasma implantation, plasma deposition, plasma polymerization, laser plasma deposition, plasma spraying, and so on The unique advantage of plasma modification is that the surface properties and biocompatibility can be enhanced selectively while the bulk attributes of the materials remain unchanged Existing materials can, thus, be used and needs for new classes of materials may be obviated thereby shortening the time to develop novel and better biomedical devices Recent work has spurred a number of very interesting applications in the biomedical field This review article concentrates upon the current status of these techniques, new applications, and achievements pertaining to biomedical materials research Examples described include hard tissue replacements, blood contacting prostheses, ophthalmic devices, and other products

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Plasma-surface modification of biomaterials

In the area of materials science, corrosion of biomaterials is of paramount importance as biomaterials are required for the survival of the human beings suffering from acute heart diseases, arthritis, osteoporosis and other joint complications. The present article discusses various issues associated with biological corrosion of different kinds of implants used as cardio stents, orthopedic and dental implants. As the materials used for these implants are manifold starting from metallic materials such as stainless steel (SS), cobalt chromium, titanium and its alloys, bioceramics, composites and polymers are in constant contact with the aggressive body fluid, they often fail and finally fracture due to corrosion. The corrosion behavior of various implants and the role of the surface oxide film and the corrosion products on the failure of implants are discussed. Surface modification of implants, which is considered to be the best solution to combat corrosion and to enhance the life span of the implants and longevity of the human beings is dealt in detail and the recent advances in the coating techniques which make use of the superior properties of nanomaterials that lead to better mechanical properties and improved biocompatibility are also presented.

Biomedical Implants: Corrosion and its Prevention - A Review~!2009-12-22~!2010-01-20~!2010-05-25~!

Surface Modifications of Titanium Materials for developing Corrosion Behavior in Human Body Environment: A Review☆

A removal torque of the laser-treated titanium implants in rabbit tibia

This review discusses the factors important in the incorporation or integration of biomaterials and devices by tissue. Methods for surface modification and surface-sensitive techniques for analysis are cited. In vitro methods to evaluate the biocompatibility or efficacy of certain biomaterials and devices are presented. Present and future directions in neural prostheses, cardiovascular materials, blood or bone substitutes, controlled drug delivery, orthopedic prostheses, dental materials, artificial organs, plasma- and cytapheresis, and dialysis are discussed.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/242/4880/885.full.pdf

Biomaterials and biomedical devices.

An important trend in materials science is the use of increasingly sophisticated methods to control composition and microstructure during processing. Near-surface modification by ion implantation and laser treatment is one of these new methods for tailoring material properties. Novel materials have been formed which are far from thermodynamic equilibrium and which exhibit unexpected and useful properties. The most extensively studied property changes include modified electrical properties of semiconductors and improved wear, hardness, and corrosion resistance of metals. The high degree of control available with energetic beams allows relations between microstructure and properties to be systematically investigated at the atomic level. This article illustrates how ion and laser beam modification is being applied to advance both the technology and the exploratory science of materials.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/226/4675/615.full.pdf

S. T. Picraux

Papers

Tailored surface modification by ion implantation and laser treatment.