Background Ashwagandharishtha is a liquid polyherbal formulation traditionally prepared by fermentation process using the flowers of Woodfordia fruticosa. It contains roots of Withania somnifera as a major crude drug. Alcohol generated during the fermentation causes the extraction of water insoluble phytoconstituents. Yeasts present on the flowers are responsible for this fermentation. Methods Total nine formulations of ashwagandharishtha were prepared by fermentation process using traditional Woodfordia fruticosa flowers (ASG-WFS) and using yeasts isolated from the same flowers. During fermentation, kinetic of alcohol generation, sugar consumption, changes in pH and withanolides extraction were studied. All the formulations were tested for in vitro antioxidant potential by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and total reducing power assay. The results were compared with standard ascorbic acid. Results Traditional formulation (ASG-WFS) showed the highest activity (p Conclusion Traditional process is the best process for preparing ashwagandharishtha to obtain significant antioxidant activity.

Comparative antioxidant potential of Withania somnifera based herbal formulation prepared by traditional and non-traditional fermentation processes

Genetic engineering of secondary metabolic pathways is an emerging area of research for production and improvement of natural products in plant biotechnology. Here, we describe a systematic approach to manipulate a key regulatory step of isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway in Withania somnifera to study its effect on withanolide production. We generated T0 W. somnifera plants overexpressing squalene synthase (WsSQS) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation, which were analyzed by Gus biochemical assay and PCR of hygromycin phosphotransferase (hptII) and WsSQS. qRT-PCR analyses of various transformed tissues indicated 2–5 fold increase in WsSQS transcripts in both T0 and T1 generations. The tissue specific protein expression studies revealed 2–3 fold increase in WsSQS, which was further confirmed by enzyme activity. These observations were corroborated with the 1.5–2 fold increase in total withanolide content of the transformed tissues. However, in leaf tissue, the levels of Withaferin A and Withanolide A increased significantly up to 4–4.5 fold. These findings demonstrate genetic engineering of isoprenoid pathway in W. somnifera resulting in enhanced production of withanolides, and also provide insights into such metabolic pathways for their manipulation to improve the pharmacological content of different medicinally important plants.

Overexpression of squalene synthase in Withania somnifera leads to enhanced withanolide biosynthesis

Response surface based optimization of system variables for liquid chromatographic analysis of candesartan cilexetil

Present review focuses on theMorphology, phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of Carica papaya (Linn). The plant is well known to us since ancient time. The plants are traditionally used to treat several conditions such as stomach disorders, diarrhea, skin diseases, male contraceptives, and home remedies for colds. Phytochemically, the whole plant contains lycopene, carotenoids, alkaloids, monoterpenoids, flavonoids, mineral, vitamins enzyme papain. This nutritious fruits feed the body and immune system. Various medicinal properties attributed to the plant and parts thereof includes antibacterial, anticancer, insecticidal, wound healing etc.

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Morphology, phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of Carica papaya, an review

RP-HPLC method was developed for concurrent analysis of ambroxol HCl and salbutamol sulphate from tablet formulation. Analytes were separated with mobile phase consisting of mixture of methanol and water (0.1% triethylamine) in the ratio 50: 50 at a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min with Nucleosil (4.6 mm I.D x 250 mm) C18 column. The retention time of ambroxol HCl and salbutamol sulphate was found to be 3.61 and 6.20 min, respectively. The detection was carried out at 224 nm. The dynamic range for ambroxol HCl and salbutamol sulphate observed was 15-75 µg/ml and 1-5 µg/ml, respectively. The percent recovery obtained for ambroxol HCl and salbutamol sulphate were close to 100%. Obtained statistical data of results was found to satisfactorily.

/pdf/concurrent-analysis-of-ambroxol-hcl-and-salbutamol-sulphate-12fexwm340.pdf

Concurrent analysis of ambroxol HCl and salbutamol sulphate from tablet formulation by RP-HPLC

Roots of Withania somnifera are widely used in Indian herbal formulations. Withaferine A and withanolide A are two pharmacologically important withanolides present in the roots of the plant. HPLC method using DAD and ELSD detector was developed for simultaneous determination of withaferine A and withanolide A from the roots and herbal formulation of the plant. Coarse powder of root was extracted with methanol by shaking for 30 minutes and sonication for 45 minutes. Herbal formulation was first extracted with chloroform and then with ethyl acetate, extracts were combined, evaporated and reconstituted with methanol. Retention time of both the compounds was vary with detector to detector and it was found for withaferine A (3.74, 3.84 min) and withanolide A (4.51, 4.60 min) with DAD and ELSD detector, respectively. Amount of withanolides in each sample were calculated from the regression equations of standard calibration graphs. The results showed that the HPLC method is suitable for the determination of withaferine A and withanolide A from the roots and herbal formulation of W. somnifera.

https://www.imedpub.com/articles/determination-of-withanolides-from-the-roots-and-herbal-formulation-of-withania-somnifera-by-hplc-using-dad-and-elsd-detector.pdf

Determination of withanolides from the roots and herbal formulation of Withania somnifera by HPLC using DAD and ELSD detector

A new reverse phase HPLC method is developed for the rapid estimation of zidovudine, an antiviral agent from tablet dosage formulation. Standard solution of concentration 1 mg/mL was prepared in methanol. The analysis was carried out on a Nucleosil (4.6 mm I.D x 250 mm) C18 column using mobile phase Methanol. The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 ml/min. Detection was monitored at 267 nm. The retention time of drug was found to be 2.37 min. The validation of the proposed method was in terms of linearity and range, accuracy and precision. The drug showed the linear response over the concentration range from 400 to 1600 μg/mL. The percentage recovery obtained for drug from tablet formulation was 99.72 with relative standard deviation of less than 1%. Since the analysis is completed within 5 minute, the proposed method could be employed for routine analysis zidovudine from tablet formulation

https://www.imedpub.com/articles/rapid-rphplc-method-for-estimation-of-zidovudine-from-tabletdosage-form.pdf

S. V. Patil

Papers

Determination of withanolides from the roots and herbal formulation of Withania somnifera by HPLC using DAD and ELSD detector

Rapid RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Zidovudine from TabletDosage Form