This paper describes a corpus annotation project to study issues in the manual annotation of opinions, emotions, sentiments, speculations, evaluations and other private states in language. The resulting corpus annotation scheme is described, as well as examples of its use. In addition, the manual annotation process and the results of an inter-annotator agreement study on a 10,000-sentence corpus of articles drawn from the world press are presented.

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Annotating Expressions of Opinions and Emotions in Language

In this paper the As propose six implicationally related cognitive statuses relevant for explicating the use of referring expressions in natural language discourse. These statuses are the conventional meanings signalled by determiners and pronouns, and interaction of the statuses with Grice's maxim of Quantity accounts for the actual distribution and interpretation of forms when necessary conditions for the use of more than one form are met. This proposal is supported by an empirical study of the distribution of the referring expressions in naturally occuring discourse in five languages

Cognitive Status and the Form of Referring Expressions in Discourse

Relationships between nondeterministic and deterministic tape complexities

So Lexicalism claims that the syntax manipulates internally complex words, not unanalyzable atomic units. The leading idea of Lexicalism might be summarized as follows: Everyone agrees that there has to be a list of sound/meaning connections for the atomic building blocks of language (=the “morphemes”). There also has to be a list of idiosyncratic properties associated with the building blocks. Perhaps the storage house of sound/meaning connections for building blocks and the storage house of idiosyncratic information associated with building blocks is the same house. Perhaps the distinction between this unified storage house and the computational system of syntax could be used to correlate and localize various other crucial distinctions: non-syntax vs. syntax, "lexical" phonological rules vs. phrasal and everywhere phonological rules, unpredictable composition vs. predictable composition ... Syntax is for the ruly, the lexicon for the unruly (see, e.g., DiSciullo and Williams 1987). The Lexicalist view of the computational lexicon may be pictured as in (3), where both the Lexicon and the Syntax connect sound and meaning by relating the sound and meaning of complex constituents systematically to the sounds and meanings of their constitutive parts.

/pdf/no-escape-from-syntax-don-t-try-morphological-analysis-in-xuvbyvyp49.pdf

No escape from syntax: Don't try morphological analysis in the privacy of your own lexicon

The position of subjects

English has visible wh-movement; Japanese doesn’t. Japanese scrambles and word order is free; English doesn’t scramble and has an orderly word order. The topic is prominent in Japanese; it is not in English. Japanese has double or multiple subject structures; English does not. Such are the major typological differences between English and Japanese, and some linguists entertain the idea that parametric differences concerning Deep Structure exist between English and Japanese which are responsible for these differences. It has been proposed that English is configurational while Japanese is nonconfigurational; cf: Hale (1980), Chomsky (1981), among others. Or it has been suggested that Japanese clauses are Max(V), while English ones are Max(I); for example, Chomsky in a lecture at UCSD, 1985. I would like to sketch in this paper a claim to the contrary that there is no parametric difference between English and Japanese that results in essentially different deep structure configurations. Instead, the parametric difference between English and Japanese consists simply of the following: Agreement is forced in English, it is not in Japanese. 1

Whether We Agree or Not: A Comparative Syntax of English and Japanese

Generative grammatical studies in the Japanese language

Classes of languages and linear-bounded automata*

In the TTL metering type single-lens reflex camera, a photoelectric converter element disposed for receiving light from a viewfinder's optical system and a photoelectric converter element disposed outwardly of such optical system for receiving light reflected from a shutter curtain or a film surface after flip-up of the viewing mirror are parallel-connected and have characteristics selected to be substantially equal so that the rising and falling electrical properties of these elements are utilized to accomplish a smooth transition of exposure control.

S.-Y. Kuroda

Papers

Whether We Agree or Not: A Comparative Syntax of English and Japanese

Generative grammatical studies in the Japanese language

Classes of languages and linear-bounded automata*

The categorical and the thetic judgment

Japanese Syntax and Semantics