https://nacto.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Infrastructure-Programs-and-Policies-to-Increase-Bicycling-An-International-Review.pdf

Infrastructure, programs, and policies to increase bicycling: An international review

Bike-traveling as a growing phenomenon: Role of attributes, value, satisfaction, desire, and gender in developing loyalty

This report will be of interest to public agencies responsible for the planning, design, and operation of urban streets. This report provides a method for assessing how well an urban street serves the needs of all of its users: auto drivers, transit passengers, bicycle riders, and pedestrians. The project developed and calibrated a method for evaluating the multimodal level of service (MMLOS) provided by different urban street designs and operations.

Multimodal Level of Service Analysis for Urban Streets

Gaining a better understanding of pedestrian perceptions of level of service (LOS) in urban areas can be useful in developing strategies for providing a comfortable and safe walking environment. Using a sample of 114 respondents, this research studies how pedestrians perceive LOS on sidewalks shared with bicycles under various urban-street conditions. To do this, 15 carefully constructed video clips of Chinese urban sidewalks are presented to respondents and, after each 60-s video clip, respondents were asked to assess the pedestrian level of service in the video on a scale from LOS A (the most comfortable pedestrian environment) to LOS F (the least comfortable pedestrian environment). By estimating random parameters ordered probability models of respondents’ LOS assessments (to account for unobserved heterogeneity across respondents) we found, as expected, that pedestrian perceptions of LOS are strongly influenced by the pedestrian flow rate. However, many other factors were found to significantly affect LOS perceptions including sidewalk width, the presence of a barrier separating the sidewalk from motor-vehicle traffic, the presence of parking next to the sidewalk, the presence of businesses along the sidewalk, the bicycle flow rate, the speed of bicyclist, whether or not bicycles were riding against the flow of pedestrians, weather conditions, time of day, and age of the respondent. The specific impacts of the wide variety of factors that affect pedestrian perceptions of LOS suggest that a number of important tradeoffs need to be considered when planning pedestrian facilities.

Statistical analysis of pedestrian perceptions of sidewalk level of service in the presence of bicycles

A novel method assessed the quality of bicycle travel throughout a community Most previous research on the quality of bicycle travel assessed bicycle suitability, that is, the perceived comfort and safety of a linear section of bikeway Assessment of bikeability (as defined by authors), however, considers comfort and safety of the entire bikeway network for access to important destinations, and there is ample research concerning the related concept of accessibility A proposed calculation for bikeability was developed on the basis of a common accessibility equation and was demonstrated through a case study of three capital investment scenarios The analysis used a geographic information system Engineers and planners can follow a similar procedure to the one used in the calculation development to prioritize improvement projects or to communicate the benefits of new projects

Assessment of Communitywide Bikeability with Bicycle Level of Service

The Danish Road Directorate sponsored a study to develop methods for objectively quantifying pedestrian and bicyclist stated satisfaction with road sections between intersections. The results provide a measure of how well urban and rural roads accommodate pedestrian and bicycle travel. To determine how existing traffic operations, geometric conditions, and other variables affect pedestrians' and bicyclists' satisfaction, 407 randomly selected Danes were shown video clips from 56 roadway segments filmed by a pedestrian walking and a bicyclist riding along the road. Respondents rated the roadway segments on a six-point scale ranging from very dissatisfied to very satisfied. This resulted in 7,724 pedestrian ratings and 7,596 bicyclist ratings. Roadway segments and video clips were described by 150 variables. Pedestrian and bicyclist satisfaction models were developed by cumulative logit regression of the ratings and the variables. The models included variables that related significantly (p ≤ .05) to the sat...

https://seattlegreenways.org/wp-content/uploads/Pedestrian-and-Bicyclist-Level-of-Service-on-Roadway-Segments.pdf

SÃ¸ren Underlien Jensen

Papers

Pedestrian and Bicyclist Level of Service on Roadway Segments