Emphasizes the judgemental elements of interpretation in clinical pathology, hematology, clinical chemistry, and cytology. Features over 100 case histories covering all species. Each chapter, exclusive of those on technique, has a brief introduction followed by case discussions. Cases presented exemplify laboratory alterations associated with the disease affecting the system under review, and some cases can be used for self-evaluation.

Veterinary clinical pathology

Plant-derived additives are used to maintain the health and growth performance of livestock. The use of red pepper oil (RPO) has recently attracted considerable scientific interest mainly due to its potential benefits for animals and humans. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with RPO on growth performance, carcass measurements, antioxidant status and immunity of growing quails between 1 and 5 weeks of age. A total of 240 growing quails (1-week old) were distributed into 5 equal groups consisting of 48 birds (4 replicates of 12 birds each). The first group was fed a basal diet without RPO (0 g/kg diet), and the second, third, fourth and fifth groups received diets containing RPO (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 g/kg diet, respectively). The experiment lasted for 5 weeks. At age of 5 weeks, quails were slaughtered for carcass examinations, microbiological analysis of intestine and to determine blood constituents. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Quails fed with 0.8 g RPO/kg diet showed 12.14%, 14.4% and 15% improvement in live BW, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio, respectively, compared with the control group. Quails that received diets with 1.2 g RPO consumed more feed than the others during the total period (1 to 5 weeks). Plasma globulin levels were significantly decreased (P = 0.0102), but albumin/globulin ratio was significantly increased (P = 0.0009) in birds fed diets containing RPO (0.4 and 1.2 g/kg) compared with those in the control group. Activity of liver enzymes in the plasma was nonsignificantly decreased in quails supplemented with 0.8 g RPO/kg diet compared with those in the control group. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione and catalase) in the group fed on diets supplemented with RPO (0.8 g/kg) were significantly higher than those in the control group. The inclusion of RPO (0.8 g/kg diet) in quail diets improved (P < 0.05) plasma lipid profile and also decreased pH of the caecal content (P = 0.0280) compared with those in the control group. The caecal bacterial population, Salmonella spp., coliform and Escherichia coli, were lowered (P < 0.05) in the groups treated with RPO (0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 g/kg) compared with those in the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of RPO (0.8 g/kg) can enhance the performance and antioxidant indices and decrease intestinal pathogens and thus improve the health status of Japanese quail.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/D37949153689C4221E52E44C1FDE92CA/S1751731119002891a.pdf/div-class-title-use-of-red-pepper-oil-in-quail-diets-and-its-effect-on-performance-carcass-measurements-intestinal-microbiota-antioxidant-indices-immunity-and-blood-constituents-div.pdf

Use of red pepper oil in quail diets and its effect on performance, carcass measurements, intestinal microbiota, antioxidant indices, immunity and blood constituents

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of Lactobacillus fermentum, isolated from the intestine of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica), as a probiotic product. The influence of this probiotics preparation on the laying performance and egg quality of quails was evaluated in a 28-day experiment. A fully randomized design was used with four experimental treatments, namely standard feed, standard feed with antibiotic, standard feed with 5.27 x 10 cells/ml L. fermentum and standard feed with 2.35 8 x 10 cells/ml L. fermentum. The results showed that L. fermentum supplementation did not influence 9 (p>0.05) egg quality parameters (haugh unit, % egg albumen, % egg yolk and egg shell thickness) and egg weight, but significantly improved (p<0.05) total egg production and lowered cholesterol content in egg yolk. In conclusion, L. fermentum may be used as a feed additive in Japanese quail diets to improve egg production and to lower egg cholesterol content.

Influence of a Probiotic Containing Lactobacillus fermentum on the Laying Performance and Egg Quality of Japanese Quails

1 This study was conducted to investigate the effect of multi-strain probiotic (containing Lactobacillus acidophilus 25 × 107 cfu/g, Lactobacillus casei 25 × 107 cfu/g, Bifidobacterium thermophi

Comparison of single- and multi-strain probiotics effects on broiler breeder performance, egg production, egg quality and hatchability.

Probiotic organisms are live microorganisms thought to be beneficial to the host. To know the effect of probiotic supplemented food on haemato-biochemical parameters in mice, a total of 20 two-month-old Swiss Albino mice were randomly divided into four equal groups. Group A was control, fed commercial mouse pellets, and others were treated with 5 g (group B), 10 g (group C) and 20 g (group D) probiotics (curd), respectively, in mouse pellets for 45 days. Total erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration were significantly (P<0.01) higher in treated group than in controls. Total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein values decreased significantly (P<0.01) in treated groups. Serum uric acid value was significantly higher (P<0.01) in treated groups. It is suggested that probiotics help improve haematology and lipid profile but not kidney function. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v30i1.16281 Bangl. vet . 2013. Vol. 30, No. 1, 20-24

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Effects of probiotics on haematology and biochemical parameters in mice

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of probiotic diet supplementation on som e physiological parameters in Broiler Breeders. 30 Cobb Breeder hens were used (46 week aged), divided into 3 groups (10 hens each). The 1st group was reared on standard ration (control), the 2nd and the 3rd groups were given 10 and 20 gm of probiotic/kg ration for 4 weeks. The results revealed that the probiotic treatment causes a significant increase in LH and FSH serum levels (3rd group) and in T3 levels in (2nd and 3rd group) as compared with control group at p <0.05. Also the probiotic treatment causes a significan t decrease in serum triglyceride levels and a significant increase in serum Uric acid level as compared with control. The above effects reflected in improvement of the egg weight, yolk weight and egg production % as compared with control. In conclusion, the probiotic supplementation of Broiler Breeders diet will improve the hormonal status and enhance the productivity.

Effect of Probiotic on Some Physiological Parameters in Broiler Breeders

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of employing sesame seeds in broiler breeder diet on some physiological parameters. 30 Cobb breeder hens (36 week age) were divided into 3 groups (10 hens each). The 1 st group was reared on standard ration (control), the 2 nd group was reared on standard ration and given orally Sesame seeds capsules daily (250 mg /kg) and the 3 rd group was reared on standard ration and given orally Sesame seeds capsules daily (500 mg/kg). The treatment continues for 4 weeks period. Results showed a significant increase in the RBCs, Hb and PCV in the 2 nd and 3 rd group compared with the control group. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in MCV and MCH. Significant increase in the MCHC in the 3 rd group compared with other groups after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment was noticed. Sesame seeds treatments for 4 weeks also caused a significant increase in the WBC count in the 2 nd and 3 rd group as compared with control. Hormonal Assay revealed that sesame seeds treatment with tow doses has no effects on plasma levels of LH hormone (4.94 and 4.48 miu/ml) compared with control (3.93 miu / ml), but the sesame seeds treatment (500 mg/kg) causes a significant increase in plasma levels of FSH (0.88 miu / ml) compared with the control (0.64 miu/ ml). Sesame seeds treatment, also, increased the egg weight, shell weight and yolk weight and it reached the levels of significantly in the 3 rd group (66.15, 7.33 and 20.65 g) respectively as compared with control (61.48, 6.86 and 18.66 g), respectively. It is concluded that, sesame seeds treatment enhanced erythropoiesis, FSH activity and some productive parameters.

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Effect of sesame seeds on blood physiological and biochemmical parameters in broiler breeder hens

Article history: Received April 25, 2020 Accepted October 10, 2020 Available online June 23, 2021 The current work aimed to study the normal values of some hematological and biochemical criteria of local quail and the effect of the breed, sex, and age on them. Two hundred quail (100 birds belong to each of white and light brown feathers local breeds), they were randomly distributed at 1st-day-age into 5 replicates, 20 birds/ replicate for each breed, and the study continued till the age 84 days. The results of the current study had revealed that the breed and the age, each alone did not significantly affect the physiological and biochemical parameters in this study, whereas the sex factor affects significantly most of the study parameters. The males were highly significant as compared to the females in the following parameter values: red blood cells count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, monocytes, basophils, glucose, cholesterol, uric acid concentrations and aspartate aminotransferase activity. While the females were significantly higher to the males in mean corpuscular volume, lymphocytes, triglycerides, total protein, globulin, and alanine aminotransferase activity. In conclusion, the sex of the bird alone and its interaction with breed and age had the greatest impact on the hematological traits.

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Impact of breed, sex and age on hematological and biochemical parameters of local quail

The current study was conducted on the animal production college of agriculture and forestry-University of Duhok, in order to investigate the effect of ration supplementation with vitamin C, red pepper (RP) and oak leaves (OL) on some physiological, reproductive and productive parameters of quail. Four hundred eighty quail birds (7 days) were divided into four groups with three replicates / group (40 birds/replicate, the groups were treated from the age of 7 days till the age of 49 days as follows: T1 (control): Reread on standard ration, T2: Reread on standard ration supplemented with vitamin C(300mg /kg ration). T3: Reread on standard ration supplemented with red pepper crush (5g/kg ration). T4: Reread on standard ration supplemented with oak leaves crush (10g/kg ration).The results of the current study revealed the following: Significant increase in live body weight (LBW) and body weight gain (BWG) of treatment as compared with control, significant decrease in feed consumption (FC) in vit. C group as compared with control, a significant improvement feed conversion ratio (FCR) in OL group as compared with control and in RP and vit. C groups as compared with OL group, a significant decrease in carcass weight of RP group as compared with control and OL groups and in heart relative weight as compared with vit. C group. Significant increase in mean egg weight, hen day (HD) % and egg mass/hen in OL group as compared with control and in as compared with other treatments. Significant increase in serum total protein (TP) and globulin in OL group as compared with vit. C group and a significant decrease in serum albumin in RP group as compared with control of male quail and a significant decrease in serum TP, globulin, albumin and TG in all groups as compared with control of female quail, a significant decrease in Cholesterol in OL group compared with control and in glucose as compared with RP and vit. C groups. Significant improvement in Lymphocyt (L)%, Heterophil (H)% and stress index in OL group of female quail and in L% and in H% in vit. C group of male quail significant improvement in yolk index in OL group and in shell membrane thickness in control group. Key words : Oak leaves, Quail, Production, Red pepper and Vitamin C

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Effect of Vitamin C, Red Pepper and Oak Leaves on Physiological and Productive Performance of Quail

This study was conducted on 32 of local Awassi ewes, average body weight 36.06±0.74 kg (aged 2-3 years, ewes were divided into two treatments. The first treatment (T1) the control contained 8 ewes fed on ration consist of barley, wheat bran, urea and wheat straw without supplement and the second (T2) was contained 24 ewes and fed on the same ration of control supplemented with protected amino acids (methionine 2.5 g and lysine 2.5 g) per ewe daily, the ewes were fed with restricted quantity 1 kg / ewe divided twice daily through the flushing and mating period which lasted 60 days, also all ewes was grazed for 6hr daily. Results was referred that protected amino acid supplement in T2 led to a significant (p<0.01) improvement in conception percentage 91.6%, prolificacy percentage 87.5% and lambing percentage 100% compared to T1 62.5%, 62.5% and 75% respectively, where is the differences was not significant in other traits. Blood parameters was showed significant (p<0.05) increase in glucose 67.91±2.06 mg/dl as compared to T1 59.25±1.72mg/dL, triglyceride was decreased significantly (p<0.05) in T2 42.66±0.96 mg/dl compared to T1 47.37±1.38 mg/dl. Concentration of AST enzyme was decreased (p<0.05) in دلجملا ،ةيرطيبلا مولعلل ةيقارعلا ةلجملا ٣٣ ددعلا ، ٢ ، ٢٠١٩ ) ١٠٥ ١٠٩ ( ١٠٦ T2 110.66±7.58 IU/l, while increased (p<0.05) ALT enzyme concentration 38.08±2.48 IU/l as compared to T1 which were 162.12±4.79 and 21.87±0.71IU/l respectively. In conclusion, Awassi ewes supplementation with protected methionine and lysine through flushing period enhance reproductive performance out of reproduction season.

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Saeb Younis Abdul-Rahman

Papers

Effect of Probiotic on Some Physiological Parameters in Broiler Breeders

Effect of sesame seeds on blood physiological and biochemmical parameters in broiler breeder hens

Impact of breed, sex and age on hematological and biochemical parameters of local quail

Effect of Vitamin C, Red Pepper and Oak Leaves on Physiological and Productive Performance of Quail

Effect of protected methionine and lysine supplementation to Awassi ewes ration at flushing period on productive performance